Lakes a Tanzaniya
Bincika Tafkuna a Tanzaniya
Tafkunan Tanzaniya suna cikin mafi ban sha'awa da ban mamaki a duniya. Kuma mafi kyawun abu: suna ba da nau'o'in ayyuka da abubuwan jan hankali - daga kallon namun daji da kamun kifi zuwa iyo da kayak. Kuma kamar yadda tafkuna suka yi mafi kyau, suna kuma samar da mahimmin tushen ruwa ga al'ummomin yankin da kuma yanayin muhalli. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya muku duk abin da muka sani game da tabkuna masu ban sha'awa a Tanzaniya!
Lake Victoria - Tafkin mafi girma a Afirka
Tafkin Victoria abin al'ajabi ne na halitta kuma matattarar namun daji iri-iri masu ban mamaki da fasali masu ban sha'awa. Wannan babban jikin ruwa ya bazu ko'ina cikin Tanzaniya, Uganda, da Kenya, ba wai kawai mafi girma a Afirka ba, har ma yana riƙe da taken tafkin mafi girma na wurare masu zafi a duniya ta fuskar ƙasa. Duk da girmansa, yana da ɗan zurfi. Tare da matsakaicin zurfin mita 41 kawai, hasken rana zai iya shiga da kuma ciyar da yanayin halittu masu wadata a ƙasan samansa.
Tafkin yana gida ne ga ɗimbin nau'in kifin, musamman sama da nau'ikan cichlids sama da 500, waɗanda yawancinsu suna da yawa. Wadannan cichlids an san su da nau'o'in bayyanar da halaye, suna ƙara fashewar launi da rayuwa zuwa yanayin ruwa. Wannan fa'idar fage na ƙarƙashin ruwa ana misalta shi a gabar tafkin, wanda ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun Tafkunan Tanzaniya.
Rayuwar Reptilian tana bunƙasa a nan kuma, tare da ƙaƙƙarfan kada na Nilu yana ɗaukar haske. Tana raba wurin zama tare da nau'ikan kunkuru da yawa, gami da kunkuru mai kwalkwali na Afirka, kunkuru ta Williams, da kunkuru mai canzawa, waɗanda duk sun keɓanta ga tafkin Victoria. Kun fi son namun daji? Sai ku shirya yin murmushi: Tafkin Victoria gida ne ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 300, gami da harrier marsh na Afirka, Shoebill mai ban mamaki, jarumtaka, geese, aku masu launin toka, masu kifi, da mikiya.
An ƙara ɗaukaka fara'a na tafkin saboda kasancewar tsibirai sama da 3,000, gami da shahararriyar tsibiran Ssese da tsibirin Ukerewe. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan tsibiran yana ba da ɗimbin ra'ayoyi masu ban mamaki da abubuwan al'adu. Tare da wannan haɗe-haɗe na ɗimbin ɗimbin halittu masu ban sha'awa, al'adu masu ban sha'awa, da kyau mai ban sha'awa, bai zo da mamaki ba cewa tafkin Victoria shine saman jerin guga da yawa.
Wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da tafkin Victoria za ku iya burge abokan tafiya da su:
- Wani mai bincike John Hanning Speke ya ba shi sunan Sarauniya Victoria ta Ingila a 1858.
- Mutanen yankin suna kiransa Nnalubaale, wanda ke nufin "mai ba da rai" a Luganda.
Tafkin Tanganyika, Tafkin Mafi Dadewa a Duniya
Tafkin Tanganyika wanda ya shimfida tsawon kilomita 626 (mil 420) mai ban mamaki da kuma kilomita 50 (fadi mil 31, tafkin Tanganyika shine tafki mafi tsayi a duniya kuma yana rike da taken ruwa na biyu mafi girma na ruwa ta hanyar girma). Tanzania, Burundi, Zambia, da Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango, wannan katafaren tafkin yana dauke da tarin abubuwan al'ajabi, wanda ya sa ya zama daya daga cikin fitattun tabkuna a Tanzaniya.
Tanganyika tana alfahari da ruwa mai shuɗi mara misaltuwa da rairayin bakin teku masu yashi masu cike da dabino da itatuwan ƙirya. A ƙasan samansa akwai wani yanayi mai ɗorewa mai cike da nau'ikan kifaye sama da 250 da rayuwar ruwa - yawancinsu ba a samun su a duniya. Iyalan 'yan hippos sun yi yawo a cikin lungu da sako yayin da kadarorin ke sintiri a bakin teku. Rayuwar Tsuntsaye tana da yawa, tun daga masu kamun kifi masu launuka iri-iri zuwa manyan gaggafa na kifaye waɗanda ke zazzagewa don kama ganima.
Abin sha'awa shine, tafkin Tanganyika yana riƙe da kusan kashi 16% na ruwan da ke saman duniya. Koguna masu gudana sun cika shi, yayin da magudanar ruwa ke kwarara cikin tsarin kogin Kongo. Wannan tafki ne mai cike da kyau da rayuwa, kuma ziyarar tabbas za ta haifar da abubuwan tunawa da za su dawwama a rayuwa.
Tafkin Rukwa, Tafkin Juyawa
Tafkin Rukwa daya ne daga cikin shahararrun Tafkunan Tanzaniya, wanda ke cikin kyawawan tsaunukan Kudancin Tanzaniya, tafkin ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ke fuskantar matsanancin yanayi na yanayi. A lokacin damina, Tafkin Rukwa ya cika cikin wani katon teku mai fadin kasa murabba'in kilomita 2,600. Amma da zarar lokacin rani ya zo, tafkin yana komawa baya sosai, yana barin hanyar sadarwa na fadama da tashoshi.
Canjin matakan ruwa na da matukar tasiri a jikin tafkin da kuma dabbobin da ke kiransa gida. Lokacin da ruwa ya yi girma, tafkin yana cike da kifi da tsire-tsire na ruwa. Hippos na kwana a cikin ruwa, yayin da kada ke labe a ƙasan ƙasa. Sama da nau'in tsuntsaye 400 ne ke yin tururuwa zuwa tafkin Rukwa don ciyar da gida a cikin ciyawar papyrus.
Amma a lokacin rani, yanayin ya sha bamban sosai: yayin da ruwa ke ja da baya, sai a bayyana fili mai yawa kuma tafkin ya rikide zuwa wani fili mai faffadan ambaliya mai cike da tafkuna da dausayi. Rayuwar dabba tana daidaitawa ta hanyoyi masu ban mamaki. Kifi yana fakewa a cikin ƙananan tashoshi da tafkuna. Kadan suna shiga cikin ramukan laka kuma suna shiga yanayi mai kama da rashin bacci. Hippos suna yin sanyi a cikin yanayin cunkoson da ke cikin sauran wuraren tafkuna, kuma tsuntsaye suna taruwa a duk inda aka sami ruwa.
Duk da tsananin sauye-sauyen yanayi, tafkin Rukwa ya kasance muhimmin tsarin muhalli ga Tanzaniya.
Lake Natron, Red Lake
Tafkin Natron daya ne daga cikin jikunan ruwa na Tanzaniya. Da yake a arewacin Tanzaniya, kusa da iyakar Kenya, tafkin yana da matsakaicin zurfin mita 3 kacal. Amma abin da ke sa Natron ya zama abin ban mamaki shine babban alkalinity: pH na ruwa na iya kaiwa sama-12.
Wannan babban mahalli na alkaline ya faru ne saboda yawan ƙawancen ƙawancen ruwa da kuma wurin tafkin a wani yanki mai aman wuta. Alkalin da ke fitowa daga sodium carbonate da sauran ma'adanai da ke shiga tafkin daga ƙananan koguna da maɓuɓɓugan zafi.
Babban alkalinity yana nufin cewa tafkin Natron ba shi da kyau ga yawancin nau'ikan rayuwa. Koyaya, wasu kwayoyin extremophile sun daidaita ta hanyoyi masu ban mamaki.
- Spirulina algae suna bunƙasa kuma suna mayar da ruwan ruwan ja-orange. Wannan algae zai iya tsira gaba ɗaya bushewa da farfaɗowa.
- Kifin Tilapia yana zaune kusa da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi inda alkalinity ya ragu. Rufewar da suke yi na kare su daga konewa.
- Flamingos wanda ya dace da Natron yana ciyar da spirulina. Kudurorinsu masu murɗewa suna tace algae, yayin da dogayen ƙafafunsu ke nisantar da su daga saman caustic.
Bayan waɗannan halittu masu ban sha'awa ya ta'allaka ne mai ban mamaki: Tafkin Natron yana aiki ne a matsayin keɓantaccen wurin kiwo a Gabashin Afirka don ƙwararrun mutane miliyan 2.5 ƙananan flamingoes. Matsayinsu na “kusa da barazanar” yana da alaƙa da dogaro da wannan wuri guda ɗaya, yana mai da tafkin ya zama wurin da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba ga waɗannan manyan tsuntsaye.
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Lake Eyasi, The Salt Lake
Wannan babban tafkin gishiri ne da ke a gindin Babban Kwarin Rift, kusa da kudu Filin shakatawa na Serengeti da kudu maso yamma na Ngorongoro Crater.
Kewaye da tsaunin tsaunuka da ciyayi na savannah, wannan tafki na musamman ya yi fice saboda girman salinsa da namun tsuntsaye iri-iri. Shekaru na ci gaba da ƙafewa a ƙarƙashin zafin rana na wurare masu zafi sun haifar da yawan ma'adanai da gishiri, suna ba da ruwan madara mai laushi. Ruwan da ba shi da zurfi ya kai fiye da murabba'in kilomita 400, amma matakan tabkin suna jujjuyawa sosai dangane da ruwan sama.
Babban gishiri yana haifar da yanayi na musamman wanda zai iya tsira daga yanayi mara kyau. Algae da microorganisms suna bunƙasa a cikin ruwa mai wadatar ma'adinai. Sakamakon haka: manyan garken tsuntsayen ruwa suna kan hanyarsu ta zuwa tafkin Eyasi don ciyar da waɗannan abubuwan abinci.
Flamingos, pelicans, storks, da agwagwa suna yin sanyi tare da bakin gaɓar laka yayin da tsuntsayen ganima kamar gaggafa kifaye ke kewaya sama. Filayen ciyawa da ke kewaye da tafkin suna karbar dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar zebra, tururuwa, da baboons.
Tsakanin wannan keɓaɓɓen wuri mai faɗi da daɗaɗɗen wuri, inda babban salinity da nau'in tsuntsaye iri-iri ke bayyana al'ada, mahimmancin tafkin Eyasi ya wuce abubuwan al'ajabi na halitta. Abubuwan da aka gano na archaeological a kusa da tafkin sun ba da shaida na farkon matsugunan mutane tun shekaru 200,000.
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Lake Manyara, Tafkin Flamingo
Tafkin Manyara wanda yake a gindin babban kogin Great Rift Valley, wani tabkin alkaline ne mara zurfi, wanda ya kai murabba'in kilomita 230. Amma yayin da yana iya ƙarami, yana da girma akan kyau da namun daji.
Manyara yana samun sunan barkwanci a matsayin "Takin Flamingo" daga adadin Ƙananan Flamingos da ke kiranta gida. Kusan sama da 400,000 na waɗannan tsuntsayen ruwan hoda masu sheki suna tururuwa zuwa gaɓar marsh na Manyara don ciyar da algae da kiwo. Kallon wasan ƙwallon flamingo sihiri ne kawai: dubunnan ƙafafu masu zazzagewa suna yawo cikin ruwan shuɗi, wuyoyin suna tsoma baki ɗaya don tace abinci.
Bayan flamingos, nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 400 suna zuwa tafkin, ciki har da pelicans, storks, cormorants, kingfishers, gaggafa, da ungulu. Ƙwayoyin itacen kacaya na tafkin kuma suna jan hankalin masu sana'a, masaƙa, ƙaho, da taurari. Manyara aljanna ce mai kallon tsuntsaye? Lallai!
Ga masu yawon bude ido, Lake Manyara National Park yana ba da kyan gani na namun daji kai tsaye daga abin hawa ko yayin tafiya cikin daji. Zakunan da ke hawan bishiya suna kan rassan, yayin da hippos ke hutawa a cikin tafkuna. Birai shudi sun yi ta zagaya cikin dazuzzukan kuma dubunnan filayen flamingos suna yiwa gabar ruwan ruwan hoda.
