Tanzania Tribes

Tanzania inozivikanwa nekupfuma kwayo kwetsika dzakasiyana, ine anopfuura zana akasiyana madzinza nemadzinza. Ruzhinji rwemadzinza eTanzania anobva kuBantu mavambo, anomiririra chikamu che100% chehuwandu hwenyika.

Mamwe madzinza anosanganisira vatauri veNilotic uye vavhimi veko uye vaunganidzi vedzinza. Vashoma muzana veTanzania vanobva kuArabic uye muIndiya kudzika, kunyanya munzvimbo dzemahombekombe, Dar Es Salaam uye Zanzibar.

nhoroondo muchidimbu

Nhoroondo yemadzinza muTanzania inogona kurondwa kumashure kune vavhimi-vakongi vechiKhoisan, vanofungidzirwa kuti ndivo vagari vekutanga muTanzania. Kwemazana emakore, masaisai emarudzi akasiyana akatamira munzvimbo iyi, kunyanya vanhu vaitaura Bantu kubva kuWest neCentral Africa. Vakaunza hunyanzvi hwekuita ironworking uye hutsva hwekurima, zvichikurudzira zvakanyanya mamiriro edzinza munharaunda yeTanzania.

Marudzi Akakurumbira muTanzania

MuTanzania, kuchine marudzi anogara pachivanhu, zvikuru mumisha. Mumaguta (asiwo dzimwe nzvimbo), madzinza akawanda akavhengana, uye vanhu vanorarama mararamiro echizvino-zvino. Ivo vachiri kuzivisa sechikamu chedzinza ravo, asi vanogara mudzimba dzakajairwa, munzvimbo dzakasanganiswa nemamwe madzinza nezvitendero.

Marudzi makuru muTanzania anosanganisira:

The Sukuma

VaSukuma ndiro dzinza rakakura kwazvo muTanzania, rinogara kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika, kunyanya mukati mematunhu e Mwanza neShinyanga. Vamwe vaSukuma vanogarawo mumatunhu eTabora, Dodoma, uye Singida.

Pamwe chete nevaChagga, ndiwo madzinza akasimba uye ane pesvedzero mubhizinesi nezvematongerwo enyika, pamwe chete nevashoma veIndia neArab.

Kunyange paine zvinyorwa zvishoma zvenhoroondo zviripo nezvevaSukuma, zvinotendwa kuti madzitateguru avo akabva kune vanhu vanotaura chiBantu muWest Africa. Kutama kwavo kunzvimbo yavari kuTanzania kwakaitika kwemazana emakore.

Kubva kare, vezvekurima, veSukuma, vanonyanya kurima zvirimwa nekurima diki. Vanozivikanwa nekutamba kwavo, 'Bugobogobo', kutamba kwenyoka, chinhu chakakosha mukati memaitiro avo mazhinji ekurapa nezvemweya.

The Nyamwezi

KuMadokero kweTanzania, dzinza reVaNyamwezi ndiro dzinza rechipiri pakukura richitevera vaSukuma. Zita ravo rokuti, Nyamwezi, rinoshandurwa kuti “vanhu vemwedzi,” unhu hunopupurira tsika dzavo dzekare dzokunamata mwedzi.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vaNyamwezi vakagara kumadokero-pakati peTanzania muzana remakore rechi17. Dzinza iri raive nehumambo hwakati wandei mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi19, seUnyanyembe, Ulyankhulu, neUrambo.

Unyanyembe yakanga ine simba zvikuru sezvo yaidzora Tabora, guta guru rezvokutengeserana, uye yakanga ine hukama hwepedyo nemaArabu eZanzibar. Munhoroondo yavo yose, vanhu vekwaNyamwezi vaiita zvekutengesa kure kure uye kuongorora.

Munzanga yechinyakare yevaNyamwezi, midzimu yemadzitateguru yaiita basa guru muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Madzitateguru aidavirwa kuva ane simba rokuchinja vapenyu nenzira yakanaka kana kuti yakaipa, uye miitiro yakasiyana-siyana nemitoo yokunamata yakanga ine chinangwa chokunyaradza midzimu iyi.

The Chagga

VaChagga, vanozivikanwawo seWachaga muchiSwahili, idzinza reBantu rinobva mudunhu reKilimanjaro kuTanzania.

Vanomiririra rudzi rwechitatu pakukura munyika. VaChagga vaigarorongwa kuita nyika dzakazvimirira dzaivepo pamateru eMount Kilimanjaro isati yaitwa koloni.

Nzvimbo iyi, yaizivikanwa kare seChaggaland kana kuti Uchaggani muchiSwahili, yaisanganisira muunganidzwa wehumambo hweBantu hwaivepo hutongi hwevakoloni husati hwavapo.

VaChagga vane nhoroondo yetsika dzakapfuma inocherechedzwa nemadzishe echinyakare anonzi 'Mangi.' Vanogara mumisha inonzi Kihamba, inova minda yemhuri yakapfuudzwa nezvizvarwa.

VaChagga idzinza rine simba, uye Arusha / Moshi inzvimbo ine simba. Vamwe vanhu vachiri kugara pachivanhu, asi vazhinji vakavakawo dzimba dzakanaka, dzechimanjemanje.

VaMasai

Mukupesana, vaMaasai (nemamwe marudzi mashoma savaHadzabe) vachiri kugara pachivanhu. Kunyange pavanouya kuguta, vanowanzopfeka zvipfeko zvavo zvechivanhu, vanonamatirana, uye vanotaura mutauro wavo.

Vanhu vechiMaasai vanofungidzirwa kuti vane midzi muNile Valley kuNorth Africa. Munenge muzana remakore rechi15, vakatanga kutamira Maodzanyemba, vachizosvika kuKenya neTanzania yemazuva ano. Mukati mekupera kwezana ramakore rechi 17 nerechi 18, vaMaasai vakanga vava pamusoro, vachitonga nzvimbo zhinji dzeEast Africa.

Vachizivikanwa netsika nemapfekero avo akasiyana, dzinza iri rinochengeta mararamiro evafambi, kunyanya vachivimba nekufudza zvipfuyo.

VaMaasai vanoonekwa zviri nyore nemapfekero avo (Shuka), zvishongo zvine beaded, uye tsika inoshamisa yekuchinja muviri, sekuboora nzeve uye kutambanudza.

Chiitiko chakakosha chetsika nemagariro mabiko ekutanga ehondo, anozivikanwa se'Eunoto,' apo varume vechidiki vechiMaasai vanoshandura kuva vakuru, vachivapa mabasa matsva mukati merudzi.

The Hehe

Dzinza reHehe, rinozivikanwa nekusimba uye tsika dzehondo, rinotonga Ruwa rweIringa kumaodzanyemba-pakati peTanzania.

Kubva kare, vaHehe vakaumbwa kubva kunharaunda dzechikuru dzakati wandei muzana remakore rechi19, vachibatana pasi pemutungamiri wavo ane mukurumbira, Sabhuku Mkwawa. Kubatana uku kwainyanya kuramba kutyisidzira kwekunze, kunyanya kubva kune vatengesi vevaranda uye maEuropean colonist.

Ichi chinhu chenhaka yavo yetsika inozivikanwa uye inoyeukwa kunyange nhasi.

Mumagariro neupfumi, vaHehe vanonyanya kurima nekupfuya zvipfuyo.

The Gogo

Dzinza reGogo rine dzinza reCentral Bantu rinogara mudunhu reDodoma pakati peTanzania. Ivo chikamu chevanhu vakapararira veBantu vakatama muAfrica makore zviuru zviviri kusvika zviuru zvitatu apfuura.

Vanhu vekwaGogo vakasiyana-siyana uye vane simba senhoroondo yavo. Ivo vanozivikanwa nemimhanzi yavo yechinyakare, ine zviridzwa zvemuno seZeze (chiridzwa chine tambo mbiri), ngoma dzakasiyana-siyana, uye yakasarudzika Ndono, chiridzwa chine tambo imwe chete chakagadzirwa kubva mugubhu.

The Haya

Vachigara mudunhu reKagera pedyo nemahombekombe eLake Victoria, vaHaya vane nhoroondo yetsika dzakapfuma.

Vanozivikanwawo seWahaya muchiSwahili, vanofungidzirwa kuti vakabva muboka revarimi vaishandisa simbi vakapararira munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeAfrica. Izvi zvinofadza zvikuru nekuti vanhu veSimbi iyi vakarodza ramangwana raizosvitsa vanhu vechiHaya vatinoziva nhasi uno.

 Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti dzakatanga kugadzira simbi, kana simbi yakaoma, kubva kumashure semakore 2000 apfuura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu vepakutanga ava vakanga vawana nzira dzakangwara dzokusanganisa simbi kuti dzigadzire pamberi pevamwe vakawanda pasi rose.

Dzinza reHaya rinozivikanwa nekuvakwa kwaro kwakasiyana, uko kunosanganisira dzimba dzakakura dzedenderedzwa dzakagadzirwa nevhu neuswa dzinodaidzwa kuti mushing.

The Makonde

Vachibva kuMozambique, rudzi rweMakonde rwakagara kumaodzanyemba kweTanzania, kunyanya dunhu reMtwara.

Vanhu veMakonde vanozivikanwa pasi rose nehunyanzvi hwavo hwekuveza nehunyanzvi hwekuveza nehunyanzvi hwematanda ebhoni, hune vanhu nemhuka pamwe nezvidimbu zvisingaonekwe.

Dzinza rine matrilineal lineage system, ine kukosha kunoshamisa kunopihwa kudivi remukadzi remhuri. VaMakonde vanewo mabiko ekutanga epagore, anozivikanwa seNguvumali, apo vakomana nevasikana vadiki vanochinja kuva vanhu vakuru, zvinoratidzwa nedzidziso dzechivanhu netsika dzechivanhu.

The Pare

Kugara kuNorth-East Tanzania, dzinza rePare rakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri - Asu neChasu. Makomo ePare anopa mhoteredzo yakanaka yemararamiro avo ekurima, anozivikanwa nekurima mabhanana, bhinzi, chibage, uye kofi.

Vanhu vePare vane chimiro chemagariro chakasarudzika chinosanganisira zvematongerwo enyika madiki akazvimiririra, imwe neimwe inotungamirwa nemutongi wenhaka, zvichiratidza kuoma kwesangano ravo rezvematongerwo enyika.

Chinhu chakakosha chetsika dhanzi reIjanja, mutambo wechinyakare unosanganisira mafambiro ane mutinhimira uye manzwi anogadzira chiratidziro chinokwezva.

The Makua

Kunyange zvazvo dzinza reMakua richinyanya kuwanikwa kuMozambique, rinowanikwawo muTanzania, kunyanya mudunhu reMtwara.

Mamiriro avo emagariro ndeechinyakare, nekusimbisa kwakakosha padzinza revarume. Pachivanhu, rudzi rweMakua rwunozivikanwa nekuruka, varume vachigadzira matinji nematengu echikadzi.

Vanozivikanwawo zvikuru nokuda kwemimhanzi yavo uye kutamba, vachibatanidza mutinhimira wakaoma nenziyo mumitambo yavo.

VaZaramo

Dzinza reZaramo, rinozivikanwa nenharaunda yaro yakasimba yewanano, rinogara mudunhu remahombekombe eTanzania, pakati peguta guru reTanzania, Dar es Salaam. Vanhu veZaramo vanoita musanganiswa wezvitendero zvechivanhu nechiIslam, izvo zvave zvakatekeshera munharaunda iyi kubva muzana ramakore rechi18.

Sevarimi nevabati vehove, vaZaramo vanorima zvirimwa zvikuru zvakadai sechibage, mupunga, bhinzi, uye mufarinya. Kunze kwekurima, dzinza iri rine hunyanzvi hwekuita zvehunyanzvi nehunyanzvi.

Matauriro avo ounyanzvi anosanganisira midziyo yehari uye kuveza matanda. Vanoitawo imwe mhando yekutamba inozivikanwa nekuti Mdundiko.

The Zigua

Vanhu veZigua, vari munharaunda yeTanga kuTanzania, idzinza rine miitiro yakasimba yokurima, zvikurukuru kurima mupunga, mapfunde, mufarinya, uye kubata hove nguva dzose munzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa.

Nhoroondo, vanhu veZigua vakaita basa rakakosha mukutengeserana kure kure munzira dzemakaravhani pakati pemahombekombe eEast Africa neLake Tanganyika.

Mutsika yeZigua, kutamba nemimhanzi zvine nzvimbo yakakurumbira mutsika dzavo dzechivanhu nemhemberero. Chimwe chiitiko chakadaro ndeche "Ukala" dhanzi, inova dhanzi rekuvhima. Vachishandisa zviridzwa zvakaita sengoma uye kurira, vatambi vanoyemura vateereri vavo kuburikidza nemusanganiswa wemanzwi ane mutinhimira uye nziyo.

Hadza naSandawe

Marudzi evaHadza neSandawe, anotorwa semadzinza emuno muTanzania, ari kuramba achirarama hupenyu hwekuvhima. Vanocherechedzwa nemitauro yavo 'yekudzvanya', vachigovana mitauro yakafanana nemitauro yeKhoisan inotaurwa nevanhu veSan chaiwo vekuSouthern Africa.

Iraqw

Rakatsaurwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakakwirira dzokuNorth Central Tanzania, dzinza reIraqw rakachengeta mutauro waro wakasiyana wechiCushitic, rurimi rwakasiyana nemitauro yakawanda yeTanzania yeBantu, Nilotic, uye Khoisan. VaIraqw ndivo vanonyanya kuita zvekurima, vachisimudzira kunzwisisa kwavo ivhu redunhu rakaorera rinoputika kurima zvirimwa zvakasiyana.

Dzinza rega rega reTanzania rinopinza nyika nehunhu hwayo hwakasiyana, nhoroondo, uye magariro. Pamwe chete, vanoratidza hupfumi hwakasiyana-siyana hunopihwa neTanzania, vachiratidzira hunyanzvi hwechokwadi hweAfrica hwetsika dzemadzinza idzo dzisiri kungorarama chete asi dzichibudirira mukati menzvimbo dzenyika ino yekuEast Africa.