Iinyani zePaki yeSizwe yaseSerengeti

isishwankathelo

Kukho iindawo emhlabeni ezingaphaya kokulindelekileyo. ISerengeti yenye yazo. Ifikelela kwiikhilomitha ezili-14,763 zesikwere kumantla. Thanzaniya, yenye yezona ndawo zindala, zintsonkothileyo ngokwendalo, kwaye zizityebi kakhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo. Kwabaninzi abahambi, ukuhamba ngemoto enqumla amathafa aseSerengeti yeyona nto inamandla kakhulu ebomini babo. Esi sikhokelo sigubungela iinyani ezibalulekileyo, imbali emangalisayo, izilwanyana zasendle, nayo yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngaphambi kokuba undwendwele.

Ithetha ukuthini iSerengeti?

Igama elithi Serengeti livela kwigama lesiMaasai elithi siringit, elithetha “amathafa angenasiphelo.” Lelinye lamagama eendawo afanelekileyo naphi na emhlabeni. Indawo enkulu yeSerengeti, edlula imida esemthethweni yepaki yesizwe, igubungela ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-30,000 zesikwere seentlabathi, amahlathi, kunye namahlathi asecaleni komlambo, ukusuka kumathafa asemantla eTanzania ukuya kuthi ga kwiMasai Mara National Reserve yaseKenya.

Inkqubo enkulu ye-ecosystem yaseSerengeti ibandakanya iSerengeti National Park ngokwayo, iNgorongoro Conservation Area, iMaswa Game Reserve, iLoliondo, iGrumeti, kunye neIkorongo Game Controlled Areas, kunye IMasai Mara ngaphesheya komda eKenya.

Ingakanani Iminyaka yeSerengeti?

ISerengeti yenye yezona ndawo zindala nezibalulekileyo kwezenzululwazi emhlabeni. Kukholeleka ukuba iipateni zayo zemozulu, izilwanyana, kunye nezityalo azitshintshanga kangako kwiminyaka esisigidi edlulileyo. Ukuhamba, okanye ukuqhuba, kuyo kuthwala ingqiqo yokwenene yokungena kwihlabathi ebelikho kudala ngaphambi kokuba abantu bafike ukuze balibone.

Abantu baseMaasai babelusa iinkomo zabo emathafeni aseSerengeti kangangeminyaka engama-200 ngaphambi kokuba abahloli bokuqala baseYurophu bafike kuloo ndawo. Isazi sejografi saseJamani uGqr. Oscar Baumann waba ngumYurophu wokuqala ukubhala phantsi lo mmandla, wangena ngo-1892. Umhloli wamazwe waseBritane uStewart Edward White walandela ngo-1913, ebhala phantsi iinkcukacha zendalo kunye nezilwanyana zasendle ezikuyo.

Indawo yokuqala yokugcina izilwanyana engaphelelanga yasekwa ngo-1921, igubungela iihektare ezingama-800 kuphela. Indawo yokugcina izilwanyana epheleleyo yalandelwa ngo-1929. Ezi ndawo zikhuselweyo zaba sisiseko seSerengeti National Park, eyathi yabhengezwa ngokusesikweni ngo-1951. Ngo-1981, yatyunjwa njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli le-UNESCO, ukuqatshelwa kwexabiso layo elibalaseleyo kwisayensi nakuluntu.

Ukufuduka Okukhulu: Uhambo Lwezilwanyana Olukhulu Ehlabathini

Akukho siganeko sendalo esinye esichaza iSerengeti ngaphezu Ukufuduka Okukhulu. Yeyona ntshukumo inkulu yezilwanyana emhlabeni, kwaye yenye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zezilwanyana zasendle emhlabeni.

Unyaka ngamnye, iinyamakazi ezingaphezu kwe-1.7 yezigidi, i-zebra ezingama-500,000, kunye nee-antelope ezingama-200,000 zilandela indlela ejikelezayo enqumla indawo ye-ecosystem yaseSerengeti zifuna ukutya okutsha kunye namanzi. Olu hambo lugubungela malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-800 iyonke, luqala kumzantsi weSerengeti ujikeleze ummandla waseNdutu luze luhambe lusiya emantla ludlule embindini nasentshona yeSerengeti ngaphambi kokuwela uMlambo iMara lungene eMasai Mara yaseKenya, luze lubuyele emazantsi kwakhona njengoko imvula itshintsha.

Lo mjikelo uqala ngamandla malunga noFebruwari, xa amathole eenkonde afikelela kwisiqingatha sesigidi ezalwa kumathafa amafutshane engca aseNdutu kwiiveki ezimbalwa nje. NgoMatshi, imihlambi emikhulu iya ngasemantla. Ukuwela uMlambo iMara, okwenzeka phakathi kukaJulayi no-Okthobha, mhlawumbi zezona zihlandlo zimangalisayo zokufuduka, njengoko amawaka eenkonde ewela emanzini azele ziingwenya ngokunyuka okukhulu nokungalawulekiyo. NgoJanuwari, imihlambi ibuyele emazantsi, kwaye umjikelo uqala kwakhona.

Malunga nama-250,000 eenkonde ziyafa ngexesha lokufuduka minyaka le, zithathwa zizilwanyana ezizingelayo, zitshona kwiindawo zokuwela imilambo, okanye zityhafe kukudinwa nokunxanwa. Sisikhumbuzo esingenamsebenzi nesinyanisekileyo sobukhulu bendalo.

Ngowama-2013, iGreat Fuduko yaqatshelwa njengenye yeZimangaliso eziSixhenxe zeNdalo zaseAfrika, ijoyina ezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo eziquka iNtaba iKilimanjaro, iNgorongoro Crater, kunye noMlambo iNayile. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, ezintathu kwezisixhenxe zezimangaliso zendalo zifumaneka eTanzania.

Izilwanyana Zasendle zaseSerengeti

ISerengeti ixhasa enye yezona ndawo zahlukeneyo zezilwanyana ezinkulu emhlabeni. Njengoko ineengonyama ezingaphezu kwama-4,000, malunga neengwe ezili-1,000, kunye neengwe ezimalunga nama-550, le paki ithathwa njengeyona ndawo ilungileyo eMpuma Afrika yokubona izilwanyana ezizingelayo endle. Ingca evulekileyo ithetha ukuba kubonakala kakuhle, kwaye iikati ngakumbi zihlala zibonwa zizingela, zisondla, okanye ziphumle phambi kwezithuthi eziqhuba iinyamakazi.

Le paki inabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini abangahlaliyo, kuquka ii-wildebeest, i-zebra, kunye ne-antelope yokufuduka, kunye neenkumbi ezihlala apho ezifana ne-buffalo, indlulamthi, indlovu, imvubu, kunye neentlobo ezininzi zee-antelope kuquka i-topi, i-hartebeest, i-Grant's gazelle, kunye ne-Thomson's gazelle.

Iibhere zazikhe zafunyanwa eSerengeti ngobuninzi bazo kodwa zatshatyalaliswa kukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni kwiminyaka yokugqibela yenkulungwane yama-20. Izinja zasendle zaseAfrika, olunye uhlobo olusengozini, zikho ngamanani amancinci nanciphayo. Zonke ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezincancisayo zaseAfrika zingafumaneka apha zisempilweni kwaye ziyabonakala.

ISerengeti ikwabalaseleyo ekubukeleni iintaka, ineentlobo zeentaka ezingaphezu kwama-500 ezirekhodiweyo kuquka iintlanzi ezirhubuluzayo ezifana ne-martial eagle, i-bateleur, kunye ne-secretary bird, kunye neenciniba, ii-crowned cranes, ii-flamingos kufutshane namachibi, kunye neentlobo ezininzi zeentaka ezincinci ezinemibala.

I-Kopjes: Iziqithi zaseSerengeti's Rocky

Zisasazeke kumzantsi-mbindi weSerengeti, iikopjes (ezibizwa ngokuba “yikopi”) zezinye zezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zejografi yepaki. Ezi zityalo ze-gneiss kunye ne-granite zamandulo ziphuma emathafeni afana neziqithi ezinamatye, ezakhiwe kwizigidi zeminyaka ngumoya kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu kobushushu. Imiphezulu efudumeleyo yelanga, imiqolomba ekhuselayo, kunye neendawo eziphakamileyo zokujonga zenza iikopjes zibe ziindawo ezifanelekileyo zokuphumla zeengonyama, iingwe, kunye neengwenkala.

Enye i-kopje ethile eSerengeti, eyaziwa ngokuba yiSimba Kopje, ikholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba yayiyimpembelelo yePride Rock kwiDisney's The Lion King, inqaku elimnandi elihlala livuyisa iindwendwe eziselula kwi-safari.

Inqaku malunga noLondolozo

ISerengeti ijongene noxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lokulondolozwa kwendalo. Ngo-2010, urhulumente waseTanzania wacebisa ukwakhiwa kwendlela enkulu yorhwebo engama-53 eekhilomitha ngaphesheya kwecandelo elingasentla lepaki. Le ndlela, eyayijoliswe ekuphuculeni unxibelelwano kunye nothutho kulo lonke ilizwe, yavalwa ngempumelelo ziinkundla emva kwenkcaso enkulu evela kubalondolozi bendalo kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona kunjalo, ukwakhiwa kwayo akukapheliswa ngonaphakade, kwaye le meko isaqhubeka ixhalabisa abo basebenza ukukhusela inkqubo yendalo.

Ukhenketho olunenkathalo, kuquka ukubhukisha abaqhubi basekuhlaleni abaqinisekisiweyo, ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala enesimilo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwepaki, kunye nokuhlonipha imithetho yepaki ngexesha lotyelelo lwakho, kudlala indima yokwenene ekuxhaseni ikamva lexesha elide leSerengeti.

Liliphi ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyelela iSerengeti?

ISerengeti ivuza iindwendwe ngalo lonke ixesha lonyaka, kodwa amava atshintsha kakhulu ngokwexesha lonyaka.

Ixesha elomileyo ukususela ngoJuni ukuya ku-Okthobha libonelela ngeemeko ezilungileyo zokubukela izilwanyana zasendle ngokubanzi. Izityalo azininzi, izilwanyana zigxila kwimithombo yamanzi, kwaye izilwanyana ezizingelayo zixhaphakile. Ukuwela uMlambo iMara ngoJulayi, Agasti, nangoSeptemba zezinye zezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zezilwanyana zasendle emhlabeni.

Ixesha eliluhlaza ukususela ngoNovemba ukuya kuMeyi lizisa imihlaba emihle, izilwanyana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, kunye nokufuya iintaka okumangalisayo. UFebruwari yenye yezona nyanga zinomdla kakhulu zokutyelelwa, njengoko ixesha lokuzala eNdutu livelisa elinye lawona manqanaba aphezulu emisebenzi yezilwanyana ezizingelayo naphi na eAfrika. Ixesha eliluhlaza likwabonelela ngamaxabiso angcono, izithuthi ezimbalwa epakini, kunye nomoya wodwa ongenakulinganiswa nexesha eliphakamileyo.

Ndwendwela iSerengeti eneKiwoito Africa Safaris

Kiwoito Afrika Safaris ikwindawo yase-Arusha, esangweni eliya eSerengeti nakwisekethe esemantla. Iqela leKiwoito likhokele amakhulu abahambi kwiintlambo zaseSerengeti kwaye liyayazi ipaki ngendlela ephuma kwiminyaka yamava okwindawo. Ukususela ekukhetheni ixesha elifanelekileyo lokundwendwela kunye nokukubeka kwiindawo ezilungileyo zemihla yakho yokuhamba, ukuya ekwazini apho imihlambi yokufuduka ihamba khona kunye nokuba zeziphi iingonyama ezilele kuzo izolo ebusuku, izikhokelo zeKiwoito zenza umahluko phakathi kwesafari elungileyo kunye nengalibalekiyo. Nxibelelana nathi ukuze uqalise ukucwangcisa uhambo lwakho lweSerengeti.