Abantu bakwaChagga
Isizinda somlando samaChagga
Abantu baseChaga
AmaChagga (amaWachagga, ngesiSwahili) ayisizwe samaBantu esiphuma esifundeni saseKilimanjaro eTanzania. Bangesesithathu ngobukhulu eTanzania. Ngokomlando babehlala ezifundeni ezizimele zamaChagga emithambekeni yeNtaba iKilimanjaro kuSifunda saseKilimanjaro kanye nesifunda sase-Arusha esisempumalanga.
Njengoba bengomunye wabantu abanethonya nabaphumelele kakhulu kwezomnotho eTanzania, ingcebo yabo yezomnotho elinganiselwe ivela emhlabathini ovundile weNtaba iKilimanjaro, inkuthalo yokusebenza esetshenziswa ekuhwebeni, kanye nezindlela zezolimo eziphumelelayo, ezihlanganisa izinhlelo zokunisela zenkasa ezinomlando, ukufakwa kwamasimu nokuqhubekayo. Izindlela zokuvundisa nge-organic ezenziwa izinkulungwane zeminyaka kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhula kweBantu, ezifundeni zabo ezizimele zamaChagga.
Indawo yeKilimanjaro isho ukuthi, kudala ngaphambi kokuba ibaluleke njengendawo yokuhweba ngenxa yendawo yayo, intaba ibisebenza njengendawo yesikhashana yokuhlinzeka ngoxhaxha lwezohwebo phakathi nezwe. Izakhamizi zakule ntaba zidayise izimpahla ngamakharavani
nabahwebi abavela ezindaweni eziseduze. Yayifinyeleleka kalula emachwebeni aseSwahili aseMalindi, eTakaungu, eMombasa, eWanga, eTanga, naseTangata kanye nasePangani eningizimu. Njengoba babezowela iKilimanjaro lapho beya khona
qhuba ibhizinisi ePangani, amaKamba, amaGalla, namaNyamwezi nawo ayayazi le ndawo. UChief Kivoi, umhwebi owaziwayo wamaKamba, ugibele iKilimanjaro mathupha ngaphambi kokuhlela nokuhola amakharavani akhe amakhulu afinyelela kumaKamba angama-200.
Etymology
Igama elithi “Dschagga” kubonakala sengathi laqala ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela endaweni esikhundleni seqembu labantu. UJohannes Rebmann ubhekisela “kubahlali baseDschagga” ngenkathi echaza isizwe samaTaita namaKamba ohambweni lwakhe lokuqala lokuya entabeni. Kubonakala sengathi elithi “Dschagga” kwakuyigama elivamile elanikezwa sonke isifunda sezintaba izakhamuzi ezikude ezazinesizathu sokukuchaza, nokuthi lapho umhambi waseYurophu efika lapho, umqondisi wakhe wesiSwahili wasebenzisa elithi “Dischagga” ukuze amchazele ezinye izingxenye ngokujwayelekile kunokuba amnikeze amagama athile. Ngokwesibonelo, uRebmann, ohambweni lwakhe lwesibili nolwesithathu esuka eKilema eya eMachame, ukhuluma “ngokuya eDschagga” esuka eKilema. Leli gama lahunyushwa ngokuthi “iJagga” ngo-1860 kanye nelithi “Chagga” ngo-1871. Ngenxa yokuthi amaSwahili ayevame ukubhekwa njengendawo eyingozi ukuyivakashela, uCharles New wakhetha isipelingi sakamuva futhi wasichaza njengegama lesiSwahili elisho “ukuduka” noma “ukulahleka.” Lokhu kwakungenxa yehlathi eliminyene elizungeze intaba elidide izivakashi lapho bengena.
Umlando Origins
AmaChagga kuthiwa aphuma emaqenjini e-Bantu ahlukahlukene asuka kwezinye izindawo e-Afrika aya phansi kweNtaba iKilimanjaro, ukufuduka okwaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nanye. Nakuba amaChaga ekhuluma isiBantu, ulimi lwawo lunezilimi zesigodi ezimbalwa ezithi zihlobene nesiKamba, esikhulunywa eningizimu-mpumalanga yeKenya. Igama elilodwa abafana ngalo bonke ngelithi Mangi, okusho ukuthi 'inkosi' ngesiKichagga. AmaNgisi ababiza ngokuthi amakhosi njengoba ayethathwa njengabangaphansi komqhele wamaNgisi, ngaleyo ndlela abenza bangalingani.
UMandara, uSultan wamaChagga, eMoshi.
Abahambi baseYurophu abaya eKilimanjaro ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 babuza amanye amakhosi amaChagga ngemvelaphi yezizwe zawo futhi babhala izimpendulo zamakhosi ngokuningiliziwe. Isibonelo, uKarl Peters waziswa nguMangi Marealle wakwaMarangu ngeminyaka yawo-1890 ukuthi amaWamarangu adabuka e-Ukamba, amaWamoshi asuka e-Usambara, kodwa ukuthi amaWakibosho ayelokhu ehlala entabeni. UPeters uphinde waveza ukuthi uKapteni Kurt Johannes, owayeyisikhulu saseJalimane ngaleso sikhathi, wathi amaWakibosho ayeyinzalo yamaMasai.
Chief Meli, 1890s.
Labo abathi abanye babo badabuka eMaasai, Usambara, namaKamba, Bambalwa kakhulu oMangi banamuhla abangasho ukuthi, kuhlanganise nabezizwe ezindala kakhulu, abazigqajayo ngomlando wabo omude owandulela ukufika kwalabo ababezoba yizinduna. izibongo zasebukhosini, zithi isibongo sazo saphuma entabeni sisuka kwenye indawo noma sivuma ukuthi sinegazi elingelona lesi Chagga. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi ukuvuma imvelaphi yomuntu kungase kuthathwe njengokubukela phansi umlando wamaChagga afuna umhlaba. Kungenjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi labo baphenyi bakuqala ngabase-Europe benze lula kakhulu izimpendulo abazithola noma basebenzise imibuzo eholayo ukuze banembe kakhudlwana.
E-Chaggaland namuhla, amasiko adluliselwa ngomlomo acacile mayelana nokuthi igatsha lomndeni lahlukana nini futhi lathuthela kwenye indawo entabeni yentaba-mlilo, kodwa lelo gatsha ngokwalo alikwazi neze ukuvuma ukuthi livelaphi futhi umlando walo uqala ngokusungulwa kwegatsha endaweni yalo. umhlaba omusha; kungenzeka ukuthi ngenqubo efanayo, umlando womndeni ngokwemvelo uqala ngokufika kokhokho eKilimanjaro. U-Ex-Mangi Lemnge weMamba, ngokwesibonelo, akajwayelekile emphakathini wanamuhla ngoba uthi ungowomdabu waseChagga namaMasai futhi ushade nenkosikazi engumChagga exubile ne-European stock, okwenza izingane zabo zibe ngenye yezinto ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu entabeni. ukuhlangana.
Nakuba izizukulwane zika-Orombo zikuphikisa lokhu, amanye amaChagga athi inkosi edumile yakudala, u-Orombo waseKeni (manje oyingxenye yamaKeni-Mriti-Mengwe), wayengowozalo lwamaMasai.
Inganekwane yendawo ethakazelisayo ithi isizwe samaMasai sasentshonalanga sangena eKibongoto, sahlukanisa umndeni waso, sathumela amadodana aso ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zentaba, lapho afika wonke esikhundleni sokuba imenenja.
Imilando yesifunda ngasinye samaChagga iqukethe izinkomba zokuthi yimiphi imindeni eyaphuma “entabeni,” “eyawa lapho,” eyavela emathafeni, noma yahamba ngendlela esempumalanga noma eya ngasentshonalanga. Incane impela iChaggaland ayikakaziwa, ikakhulukazi phezulu ehlathini eliphakeme lapho kutholakala khona izinsalela zezindawo ezingcwele zasendulo nalapho kuzwakala khona ukuthi kutshalwe masale, isitshalo esingcwele samaChagga, sibonisa izindlela ezahanjwa abantu abancane, noma ama-pygmy kudala. Amanxiwa odonga olubiyelwe ngamatshe awakaze ahlolwe phezulu imizi izingxenye ezinamatshe; zingase zengeze ekuqondeni kwethu izindawo ezivalekile ezinkulu, ezifinyeleleka kalula emithambekeni emaphakathi yemizi ethile yamakhosi. Ngesikhathi amaChagga ehambela lapha esikhathini esidlule, ayesebenzisa imihume emzileni ophakeme ozungeza ngemuva kwentaba ukuze athole indawo yokukhosela, kodwa asiqiniseki ukuthi iyini injongo yawo yangempela ngalesi sikhathi.
Ibhande elikhulu leminqumo yasendle eliphuma ngokuphazima kweso ehlathini ohlangothini olungenalutho olusenyakatho yentaba liwumuthi owodwa ongakahlolisiswa kahle. Kungenzeka ukuthi lo mhlaba wawukhona yake yasuswa futhi yahlalwa amaChagga ngoba, ngokombono we-silviculturalist, iHlathi laseKilimanjaro liyazivuselela lisebenzisa izihlahla zomnqumo. Kusobala ukuthi okhokho okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “bavela entabeni” empeleni badabuka kulolu hlangothi olusenyakatho ngaphambi kokuthuthela lapho ababehlala khona.
inzalo okwamanje ihlala ohlangothini oluseningizimu. Ulimi, i-physiognomy, inkambiso, nokwakhiwa kwendlu kufihla imikhondo eyengeziwe. Ulimi lwesiKichagga luthuthuka ngokushesha kangangokuthi kumaChagga anamuhla, ulimi njengoba lwalusetshenziswa ngisho naseminyakeni engu-20 edlule luzwakala “njengolwakudala.” Lokhu kubangelwa ngokwengxenye izici zemvelo, njengokutholwa kwamagama amasha, futhi ngokwengxenye izici ezihlobene negunya lezombangazwe, njengokuthi iMachame entshonalanga kanye neMarangu emaphakathi nendawo ngayinye yayisakaza kanjani izilimi zayo ezijwayelekile phakathi kwamakhosi aseduze. .
Nokho, izinsalela zemizi yasendulo, engathuthukisiwe kwezinye izingxenye ezingenhla imigwaqo basalondoloza izilimi zabo zesigodi ezihlukile zesiKichagga, futhi, okuphawuleka kakhulu futhi okuphumelelayo ocwaningweni lwezilimi, u-Ngasseni (manje oyingxenye ye-Usseri) usaqhubeka nokukhuluma ulimi oluhluke ngokusobala kwesiKichagga futhi olungaqondakali kwabanye embusweni ofanayo. Izinkomba ezifanayo zomsuka zingatholakala kumasiko kuphela ezizweni ezithile noma emigwaqweni.
Emigwaqweni yamaSamake asendulo, amaNguni, namaKyuu, kwasetshenziswa uhlobo olukhethekile lwetshe lokuqalekisa, futhi kwakukhona ukukhulekelwa komlilo okwakubonakala kundala, kuhlukile, futhi kunomlingo kunemikhosi yomlilo eyafakwa amaUsambara eKibosho eKahe, kwenziwa izithixo zobumba zabesilisa nabesifazane futhi zazisetshenziselwa ukuqalekisa abantu base-Arusha Chini; futhi isizwe sasendulo sakwaMtui sikaMarangu sagcina amandla aso. Iqiniso lokuthi okhokho bokuqala bafika namathuluzi ahlukahlukene—ngezinye izikhathi iminsalo nemicibisholo, ngezinye izikhathi imikhonto—nokuthi izinkumbulo zomndeni zigcina ukuthi babengabazingeli, abafuyi, noma abalimi kungase kubaluleke kakhulu.
Lolu hlobo luphethe izinkomba zesikhathi esedlule. Izindawo zesiko elisakazekile kancane kancane zakhula kulokhu. Ngokuvamile, ukufana kwamasiko nezilimi zesigodi zesiKichagga kuyo yonke indawo emaphakathi yobukhosi, kusukela emfuleni i-Weru Weru ngasentshonalanga kuya ezintabeni zaseMriti empumalanga, kwasebenza njengamandla ahlanganisayo. Lapho umuntu ewela i-Weru Weru entshonalanga noma amagquma aseMriti empumalanga, kwavela umehluko omkhulu. Ngaso sonke leso sikhathi, kwakusokwa. Ukuqalwa, nokho, kwakuyiqhakaza engavamile endaweni emaphakathi futhi kwakuhilela ukufundisa izindaba zezizwe kusetshenziswa izimpawu eziqoshwe othini olukhethekile (Kich. mregho) kanye namagama ayimfihlo okukhuluma azosetshenziswa phambi kwezitha (Kich. Ngasi).
EMpumalanga yale ndawo, uhlobo lwe-mregho lutholakala eNgasseni, kanti uhlobo olulula kakhulu lutholakala eMkau. Entshonalanga yale ndawo, njengoba kuzobonakala, kunobufakazi bomlomo obuphakamisa ukuthi ukuthwasa kwethulwa kwabe sekuyekwa njengesenzo sezombusazwe ukunqanda ukuziphindiselela komunye wemibango emikhulu phakathi kwamakhosi entabeni. Esigodini sase-Weru Weru, indlela yokwakha izindlu iqala ukushintsha: empumalanga yawo, izindlu eziyindilinga zezinyosi zifulelwe ngotshani ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi; entshonalanga yayo, ziya ngokuya zakhiwa ezinophahla oluqala esiphethwini esingamamitha amane ukusuka phansi, ukuze zithuthele entshonalanga zisuka eKilimanjaro, zidlule eMeru nase-Arusha, lezi zindlu zifane kakhulu nezigodi zamaMaasai. Izindlu zaseMoshi Chiefdom ziwuxhaxha lwezitayela zokwakha, ezinye ezinophahla oluqhele ngamamitha amane ukusuka phansi kanti ezinye ziphakeme kunezinye izindawo entabeni.
Ngokobufakazi bangaphandle, amaChagga amaningi adabuka esifundeni esisenyakatho-mpumalanga. Nakuba abanye benza kanjalo, ngokunokwenzeka ikakhulukazi lapho amaGalla efuduka enyakatho futhi ecindezela abantu bebonke phambi kwabo, kubonakala sengathi uhambo lwalungokwemvelo. Emingceleni yeChaggaland, amaMasai athuthela entshonalanga, amaPare angena ezindaweni ezimaphakathi, kanti ama-Kikuyu squatters athuthela enyakatho yentaba aze axoshwa ngenxa yezinkinga zaseMau Mau ngo-1954.
AmaKamba namaMasai athuthela ngokwemvelo namuhla ezindaweni ezisempumalanga, ezakuqala zizohlala kanti lezi ziyoklaba. Abantu babevame ukuza bevela enyakatho, bevela eTaita nasemagqumeni aseKamba; empumalanga, ivela e-Usambaras; naseningizimu, mhlawumbe iyeza
from Unyamwezi and Nguu highlands.
Esinye isici esisekela umbono wokuthi ukufika kwabantu abasuka enyakatho-mpumalanga kungase kumane kube ukwaziswa okubanzi ukuthi ezinye izizwe zaseMpumalanga Afrika esifundeni saseKilimanjaro zinomlando wokukhuphuka zisuka eningizimu, ziqhubekisela abanye enyakatho.
phambi kwabo. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, amanye amaKamba ashiya ikhaya lawo langaphambili eKilimanjaro futhi akhuphuka eningizimu. Isibonelo nje, amaKamba kwakumele akhishwe ngenkani esuka eShikiani ukuze agweme izizwe zamaWadoe, okuthiwa
amazimuzimu. Ukwengeza, abanye uWanika bashiye ikhaya labokhokho eRombo, eChaggaland, basuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ngokwezinganekwane zamaChagga ora, amanye amaMeru afika ephuma empumalanga evela endaweni yawo yokuphumula elibangise eMount Meru.
Ngokwenganekwane, ubukhosi bakwa-Usambara Kilindi bavela ezintabeni zeNguu eningizimu. Isithombe uKrapf athola ngaso i-Wanika yasogwini esisebenzisa kungenzeka ukuthi sadabuka eKahe. AbakwaWanika kubikwa ukuthi basuka eKilema, baya eRombo, base bedlulela ogwini. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, bheka incazelo ka-von der Decken yalokhu kufuduka kukaWanika ezifundeni ezisogwini ngemuva kweMombasa, athi kungenxa yokubusa kukaMunie Mkoma (Mangi Rongoma) waseKilema.
Eminye imikhondo ingatholakala emizileni ehanjwa yilabo, ngokwesiko lomlomo lamaChagga, abawela iKilimanjaro, okuhlanganisa nabafokazi noma “abantu abancane,” labo abakhunjulwa njengabahlukile kumaChagga futhi abanezintamo eziqinile, futhi
IsiSwahili. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, ama-pygmies (Kich. Wakoningo) awela intaba esuka empumalanga eya entshonalanga ngaphambi kokuqhubekela eCongo Basin. Nakuba kukhona indaba etholakala e-Uru kuphela mayelana nezivakashi ezihlukile ezifanayo ezazisuka ngokuphambene
besuka entshonalanga, befuna izingodo zeNkosi uSolomoni, abantu abancane basuka empumalanga baya entshonalanga ngaphesheya kwentaba.
I-Ongamo yaba nomthelela omkhulu esikweni lamaChaga. Baboleka imikhuba eminingi kubo, okuhlanganisa ukusokwa kwabesifazane, ukuphuza igazi lezinkomo, kanye neminyaka yobudala. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, ama-Ongamo ayesekhulele kumaChaga. UNkulunkulu wamaChaga “uRuwa” waba umphumela wokuhlanganiswa komqondo wamaChaga kankulunkulu ongumdali nomqondo wama-Ongamo welanga elinikeza ukuphila.
Umhume wamaChagan (olungisiwe) ukuze ucashe phakathi nezimpi zezizwe Okulandelayo kuyizimpawu ezinzima kakhulu, ezingenabufakazi zokuthi abantu "abancane"
babengamaPutukezi: ukukhuphuka okuqondile ukusuka ogwini; ukusondelana kweNgeruke; izinsimbi zaseKoyo zafinyelelwa nge-Kilimanjaro ngu-Bwana Kheri; izithombe zabesilisa nabesifazane, ezisasenziwa eKahe namuhla futhi ezisasetshenziselwa umlingo ngabantu base-Arusha Chini, abaziletha lapho beceliwe, ukuze baqalekise baze bayofika e-Arusha Juu (i-Arusha yesimanje). Ngokokulandisa kweNkosi uSolomoni okulotshwe e-Uru, leli siko lidala kusukela enkathini ngaphambi kokuba abantu basuke e-Arusha Chini bayohlala e-Arusha.
Arusha Juu. Mayelana nebele phakathi kukaKilema no-Usseri, kungenzeka ukuthi u-Bwana Kheri wayenjalo ebhekisela ezindongeni ezinkulu zamatshe eziseduze, noma izinqaba, ezakhiwa uMangi Orombo eKeni, isakhiwo sokuqala sentaba.
yalesi sikali. Kodwa-ke, asazi noma u-Orombo wakhela phezu kwamathrekhi angaphambili ashiywe abanye, mhlawumbe amaPutukezi. UMunie Mkoma wasePangani, okungenzeka ukuthi nguyena owaqala isiko ukuba uMangi Rongoma waseKilema wayengumSwahili, kungenzeka ukuthi nguyena owaqala. Ulayini wokuxhumana okuqhathanisekayo emakhosini amaningi waqalwa uMangi Mamkinga waseMachame ukuzethemba isakhamuzi sakhe isiSwahili uMunie Nesiri ezizukulwaneni ezine kamuva, ngo-1848. Lezi zimpawu zibonakala zibonisa ukuthi imvelaphi yamaChagga iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunaleyo yamaTaita, okwathi impendulo kuphenyo lukaRebmann, yathi babehambe izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu bebheke enyakatho.
AmaPare, amaTaveta, namaTaita ayekade engabaphakeli abakhulu bensimbi kumaChaga. Isidingo sensimbi sakhula kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye ngenxa yemibango yezempi phakathi kwababusi bamaChaga. Kungenzeka ukuthi kwakukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwalokhu kuqhudelana nokuthuthukiswa kohwebo lwamabanga amade kusukela ogwini kuya phakathi nendawo yomfula iPangani, okuphakamisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kwamaChagga nogu kungenzeka ukuthi kwaqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamazwe amaningi amaChagga, kanye nengqikithi yomlando wawo, kungomunye wemilando yangaphakathi yaseKilimanjaro. Ngenxa yokuthi izifunda noma isifunda ngasinye sanamuhla—zingaphezu kwekhulu—imele ukuhlanganiswa kwababili noma abathathu.
ama-mitaa, izindawo ezizimele ezasungulwa kudala, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezintsha ezisanda kuvulwa emaphikweni asentshonalanga nasempumalanga kanye nasemithambekeni ephansi yezintaba. Ezingqondweni zamaChagga asebekhulile, lezi kuseyizinto eziphilayo zangempela. Izifundazwe zamaChagga, okwathi ngo-1964 sezineziyishumi nanhlanu, yikho okushiwo amakhehla uma ekhuluma “ngamazwe aseKilimanjaro”; nokho, ngaphakathi kombuso ngamunye, umtaa ngamunye omdala ubizwa ngokuthi “izwe” uma kukhulunywa ngomlando.
Kuleli zwe langaphambi kobukoloni, umuntu uyangena, abantu baseChagga babembalwa, umhlaba wawukhona, futhi amabanga ayemakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezwe laseKilimanjaro, esehlile ngenxa yokufika kweloli lesimanje, ibhasi, kanye nemoto. Nokho, engxenyeni enkulu yeKilimanjaro, ijubane lonyawo lomuntu lisasetshenziselwa ukukala ibanga. I-Ngata yokuvikela ikhanda lapho iphethe ubhanana I-Dracaena fragrans, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Masale ngesi-Kichagga isitshalo esingcwele sesibaya se-Chagga Goat / kiriwa
Ubani umChagga?
I-chaga ngumuntu onabazali bobabili njengamaChagga noma onomzali oyedwa onemvelaphi yobuChaga noma okwazi ukulandelela imvelaphi yakhe kusuka ohlwini lozalo lwamachaga. I-Ethnic Chaga yigama elivame ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza umuntu womzali we-Chaga kanye nesizinda ongazenzi izinto zendabuko zesi-Chagas kodwa osazihlanganisa namaChaga ngokwesiko. Igama elithi Chaga lobuzwe alibandakanyi ngokuqondile ukwenza imisebenzi yendabuko yama-Chagas, kodwa ngokuvamile libizwa ngokuthi "ama-Chaga" ngaphandle kwesichasiso esifanelekayo "ubuhlanga".
I-Chaggaland
IChaggaland ngokwesiko ihlukaniswe yaba imibuso eminingana emincane eyaziwa ngokuthi Umangi. Balandela uhlelo lwe-patrilineal lozalo kanye nefa. Indlela yabo yokuphila engokwesiko yayisekelwe ngokuyinhloko kwezolimo, besebenzisa ukunisela emasimini asezindaweni eziwugwadule kanye nomquba wezinkabi. Nakuba ubhanana uwukudla kwabo okuyisisekelo, baphinde balime izilimo ezihlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa ama-yam, ubhontshisi nommbila. Ezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwezolimo, zaziwa kakhulu ngekhofi lazo le-Arabica, elithunyelwa emakethe yomhlaba wonke, okuholela ekutheni ikhofi libe isilimo esiyinhloko semali.
Unogada kaMangi Rindi c.1889 Moshi
Ngo-1899 abantu abakhuluma isiKichagga eNtabeni iKilimanjaro bahlukaniswa baba ngama-37
imibuso ezimele ebizwa ngokuthi “Umangi” ngezilimi zesi-Chaga. Ama-akhawunti angaphambi kwesikhathi njalo
khomba izakhamuzi zombuso ngamunye “njengesizwe” esihlukile. Nakuba amaChaga
etholakala ngokuyinhloko eNtabeni iKilimanjaro enyakatho yeTanzania, imikhaya eminingi
baye bathuthela kwezinye izindawo phakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ngo-1946 amaNgisi
abaphathi behlise kakhulu inani lemibuso ngenxa yokuhlelwa kabusha kwezinga elikhulu nokudala umhlaba osanda kuhlalwa emithambekeni ephansi ngasentshonalanga.
kanye nemithambeka esempumalanga ye-Kilimanjaro.
Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, uhulumeni wamakoloni waseJalimane
kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwakunemizi engaba ngu-28,000 e-Kilimanjaro ngo-1988
Inani labantu baseChaga lilinganiselwa kubantu abangaphezu kuka-800,000.
Chaggaland, Kilimanjaro.
Ingxenye enkulu yempilo yamaChagga yathonywa izinkolelo zabo ezisekelwe emhlabeni nezisekelwe ekukhulekelweni kokhokho. Ngaphambi kokufika kobuKristu nobuSulumane, amaChaga ayenezinkolo ezihlukahlukene ezinokuvumelanisa okuphelele Ukubaluleka kwamadlozi kugcinwa kakhulu yiwo kuze kube namuhla. Igama likankulunkulu omkhulu wamaChaga nguRuwa ohlala esiqongweni seNtaba iKilimanjaro, engcwele kubo. Izingxenye zehlathi eliphakeme zinezindawo zokukhulekela ezidala ezinezitshalo ze-masale, isitshalo se-Chaga esingcwele.
Izinganekwane zamaChagga zigxile kuRuwa namandla nosizo lwakhe. 'Ruwa' igama lesiChagga likankulunkulu wabo eMpumalanga naseCentral Kilimanjaro, kanti esifundeni saseNtshonalanga, ikakhulukazi iMachame neMasama, unkulunkulu wayebizwa ngokuthi 'Iruva.' Womabili amagama futhi angamagama esiChaga asho ukuthi “ilanga iRuwa alibheki njengomdali wesintu, kodwa njengomkhululi nomhlinzeki wokudla. Waziwa ngesihe nokubekezelela lapho abantu bakhe bemfuna.
Umndeni ngamunye uhlala endaweni yodwa yendlu yabo yasepulazini ebiyelwe, noma hamba ngesiKichagga, ngisho nasezindaweni eziminyene kakhulu ezweni lamaChagga. Ikhaya ngalinye lizungezwe isitshalo saseMasale, uphawu oluhlonishwayo lokuthula nokuthethelela esikweni lamaChagga (Dracaena fragrans). Inehlathi likabhanana, elinamaqabunga awo amade, alengayo afaka utamatisi, u-anyanisi nezinhlobonhlobo zama-yam. Maphakathi nehlathi kunendlu eyindilinga, emise okwesidleke sezinyosi eyakhiwe ngodaka futhi embozwe ngotshani noma ngamahlamvu kabhanana. Igeja lomyeni nezinye izinto zokusebenza zingagcinwa endaweni yokulala, okungaba isikhumba noma umbhede futhi kuseduze nomnyango. Umlilo uvutha phakathi negumbi, usekelwe ngamatshe amathathu, futhi ubhanana woma endaweni ephakeme ngaphezu komlilo.
Umta wakhiwe imindeni eminingi, kanti umtaa wakhiwa izizwana eziningana. Lapho u-Rebmann efika e-Kilema ngo-1848, ngokushesha waphawula ngomyalelo owawusubambile ngenxa yegunya eliqinile lika-mangi. Wahlatshwa umxhwele ukuchuma namakhono abantu, kanye nesimo sezulu esimnandi nobuhle bemvelo bendawo.
