Amachibi eTanzania
Hlola i-The Lakes in Tanzania
Amachibi aseTanzania aphakathi kwamachibi amahle kakhulu futhi ahlukahlukene emhlabeni. Futhi into engcono kakhulu: banikeza uhla lwemisebenzi nezinto ezihehayo - kusukela ekuboneni izilwane zasendle nokudoba kuya ekubhukudeni nase-kayaking. Futhi njengoba amachibi enza kahle kakhulu, aphinde ahlinzeke ngomthombo wamanzi obalulekile emiphakathini yendawo kanye nezimiso zemvelo. Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela konke esikwaziyo ngamachibi amangalisayo aseTanzania!
ILake Victoria - Ichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Afrika
ILake Victoria liyisimangaliso semvelo kanye nendawo yezilwane zasendle ezihlukahlukene nezici ezithakazelisayo. La manzi amakhulukazi asabalalela eTanzania, e-Uganda nase-Uganda Kenya, aliyona nje enkulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika, kodwa futhi inesihloko sechibi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni elishisayo ngokwendawo. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo, ayishoni kakhulu. Ngokujula okumaphakathi okungamamitha angu-41 kuphela, ukukhanya kwelanga kungangena futhi kondle i-ecosystem ecebile ngaphansi kobuso bayo.
Leli chibi liyikhaya lezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-500 zama-cichlid, eziningi zazo ezitholakala zikhona. Lawa ma-cichlid aziwa ngokubukeka kwawo okuhlukahlukene kanye nokuziphatha, okungeza ukuqhuma kombala nokuphila endaweni yasemanzini. Lokhu kudlidliza kwesigcawu esingaphansi kwamanzi kubukwa ngasosebeni lwechibi, okulenza libe ngelinye lamachibi adume kakhulu eTanzania.
Impilo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo iyachuma nalapha, njengoba ingwenya yaseNayile esesabekayo igqama. Ihlala kanye nezinhlobo eziningana zofudu, okuhlanganisa ufudu olunesigqoko sase-Afrika, ufudu lodaka lukaWilliams, nofudu olushintshashintshayo lodaka, zonke ezitholakala eChibini iVictoria. Ingabe ukhetha izilwane zasendle zezinyoni? Yibe usulungiselela ukumamatheka: ILake Victoria inezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-300, kuhlanganise ne-African marsh harrier, i-Shoebill engaqondakali, izindwandwe, amahansi, opholi abampunga, ama-kingfisher nokhozi lwe-fish.
Ubukhazikhazi baleli chibi bubuye bukhuliswe ngokuba khona kweziqhingi ezingaphezu kuka-3,000, okuhlanganisa neziqhingi ezidumile zaseSsese kanye ne-Ukerewe Island. Ngasinye salezi ziqhingi sinikeza uxhaxha olungenakuqhathaniswa lwemibono ebabazekayo kanye nolwazi lwamasiko. Ngale ngxube yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezinothile, isiko elithakazelisayo, nobuhle obumangalisayo, akumangazi ukuthi iLake Victoria iphezulu ohlwini lwamabhakede amaningi.
Amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngeLake Victoria ongajabulisa ohamba nawo ngawo:
- Yaqanjwa ngeNdlovukazi uVictoria yaseNgilandi ngumhloli wamazwe uJohn Hanning Speke ngo-1858.
- Abantu bendawo bayibiza ngokuthi Nnalubaale, okusho ukuthi “umnikezeli wokuphila” ngesiLuganda.
ILake Tanganyika, Ichibi Elide Kakhulu Emhlabeni
Njengoba inweba ngendlela emangalisayo amakhilomitha angu-626 (amakhilomitha angu-420) ubude namakhilomitha angu-50 ububanzi, iLake Tanganyika iyichibi elide kunawo wonke emhlabeni futhi inesihloko somthombo wamanzi angenasawoti endaweni yesibili ngobukhulu ngobukhulu. Tanzania, Burundi, Zambia, kanye neDemocratic Republic of Congo, leli chibi elihle liqukethe inqwaba yezimanga, okulenza libe ngelinye lamaChibi adume kakhulu eTanzania.
ITanganyika inamanzi aluhlaza acwebe ngendlela engakholeki kanye namabhishi anesihlabathi agcwele amasundu nezihlahla zomtholo. Ngaphansi kobuso bayo kukhona i-ecosystem ephilayo egcwele izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-250 zezinhlanzi kanye nezilwane zasemanzini - eziningi zazo azitholakali kwenye indawo eMhlabeni. Imindeni yezimvubu igingqika emanzini angashoni kuyilapho izingwenya zizulazula ngasogwini lolwandle. Izilwane ziningi, kusukela kuma-kingfisher anemibala egqamile kuye kwezinkozi ezinkulu zezinhlanzi ezitshuzela phansi ukuze zibambe inyamazane yazo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iLake Tanganyika iphethe cishe u-16% wamanzi ahlanzekile atholakala eMhlabeni. Imifula egelezayo iyayigcwalisa, kuyilapho ukuphuma kwayo kugelezela ohlelweni loMfula iCongo. Leli chibi eligcwele ubuhle nempilo, futhi ukuvakasha ngokuqinisekile kuzodala izinkumbulo ezizohlala impilo yonke.
Ichibi Rukwa, Ichibi Eliguquguqukayo
ILake Rukwa ingelinye lamaChibi adumile eTanzania, akhiwe endaweni enhle yaseSouthern Highlands of Tanzania, iyichibi elihehayo elihlangabezana nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwezinkathi zonyaka. Ngesikhathi sezimvula, iChibi iRukwa ligcwala ulwandle olukhulu oluhlanganisa amakhilomitha-skwele angaphezu kuka-2,600. Kodwa lapho nje inkathi eyomile ifika, leli chibi liyabohla ngokuphawulekayo, lishiya uxhaxha lwamaxhaphozi nemigudu.
Ukushintsha kwezinga lamanzi kunethonya elikhulu ekubukekeni kwechibi kanye nezilwane ezilibiza ngokuthi ikhaya. Lapho amanzi esephakeme, leli chibi ligcwele izinhlanzi nezitshalo zasemanzini. Izimvubu zihlala emanzini, kuyilapho izingwenya zicathama ngaphansi nje kwamanzi. Izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-400 zithutheleka eChibini iRukwa ukuze zizodla futhi zihlale emhlangeni we-papyrus.
Kodwa enkathini eyomile, isimo sihluke kakhulu: njengoba amanzi ebohla, kuvuleka amathafa abanzi futhi leli chibi lishintsha libe ithafa lezikhukhula elinamachibi namaxhaphozi. Impilo yezilwane ivumelana nezimo ngezindlela eziphawulekayo. Izinhlanzi zikhosela eziteshini ezincane nasemachibini. Izingwenya zimba emigodini yodaka futhi zingena esimweni esifana nokulala. Izimvubu zihlala zipholile lapho ziminyene khona emachibini asele, futhi izinyoni zibuthana nomaphi lapho amanzi etholakala khona.
Naphezu kokuguquguquka okunamandla, iChibi iRukwa lisewuhlelo lwemvelo olubaluleke kakhulu eTanzania.
Ichibi Natron, Ichibi elibomvu
IChibi i-Natron ingenye yezindawo zamanzi eziyingqayizivele eTanzania. Itholakala enyakatho yeTanzania, eduze nomngcele waseKenya, ichibi linesilinganiso sokujula esingamamitha amathathu nje. Kodwa okwenza i-Natron ibe isimanga yi-alkalinity yayo ephezulu: i-pH yamanzi ingafinyelela esibhakabhakeni esingu-3.
Le ndawo ene-alkaline ephezulu ingenxa yamazinga aphezulu okuhwamuka kanye nendawo yechibi endaweni enentaba-mlilo. I-alkalinity ivela ku-sodium carbonate namanye amaminerali angena echibini esuka emifuleni emincane neziphethu ezishisayo.
I-alkalinity ephezulu isho ukuthi iChibi iNatron alikwazi ukwamukela izinhlobo eziningi zokuphila. Nokho, ezinye izinto eziphilayo eziyingozi ziye zajwayela ngezindlela eziphawulekayo.
- I-Spirulina algae iyachuma futhi iphendulela amanzi umbala obomvu-wolintshi. Lolu lwelwe lungasinda ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni ngokuphelele kanye nokuvuselelwa.
- Izinhlanzi ze-Tilapia zihlala eduze kwemithombo yamanzi ashisayo lapho i-alkalinity iphansi. Amafinyila azo awavikela ekushiseni.
- I-Natron-adapted flamingos idla i-spirulina. Izikweletu zabo ezihlanganisiwe zihlunga ulwelwe, kuyilapho imilenze yabo emide ibagcina bekude ne-caustic surface.
Ngalé kwalezi zilwane ezithakazelisayo kuneqiniso elimangalisayo: IChibi iNatron liyindawo ekhethekile yokuzalela eMpumalanga Afrika yabantu abaningi abayizigidi ezingu-2.5 zama-flamingo. Isimo sabo “sokusongelwa” kwabo sihlobene kakhulu nokuthembela kwabo kule ndawo eyodwa, okwenza ichibi libe yindawo engenakuthathelwa indawo yalezi zinyoni ezinkulu.
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I-Lake Eyasi, i-Salt Lake
Leli chibi elikhulu likasawoti elisezansi kweGreat Rift Valley, eningizimu yeTheku ISerengeti National Park naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye Ngorongoro Crater.
Njengoba lizungezwe imiqansa kanye nezindawo ezinotshani obunama-savannah, leli chibi eliyingqayizivele ligqama ngokuba nosawoti ophakeme kanye nezinhlobo zezinyoni ezihlukahlukene. Iminyaka eminingi yokuhwamuka ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo eshisayo iye yaholela ekuqoqeni okuphezulu kwamaminerali nosawoti, okwenza amanzi abonakale ewubisi, exubekile. Amanzi angashoni anwebeka ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha-skwele angu-400, kodwa amazinga echibi ashintshashintsha kakhulu kuye ngemvula.
Usawoti omningi wakha i-ecosystem engavamile ekwazi ukusinda ezimeni ezomile. Ulwelwe nama-microorganisms kuyachuma emanzini anothile ngamaminerali. Umphumela: Imihlambi emikhulu yezinyoni zasemanzini iya eLake Eyasi ukuze izodla lezi zibiliboco.
Amaflamingo, ama-pelicans, onogolantethe, namadada agodola ogwini olunodaka kuyilapho izinyoni ezidla inyama njengezinkozi zezinhlanzi zizungeze phezulu. Emathafeni anotshani azungeze leli chibi kunezilwane ezincelisayo eziklaba njengamadube, izinyamazane nezimfene.
Phakathi nale ndawo eyingqayizivele neyasendulo, lapho usawoti omningi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni zichaza inkambiso, ukubaluleka kweLake Eyasi kudlulela ngalé kwezimangaliso zalo zemvelo. Okutholwe ngemivubukulo ezungeze leli chibi kunikeza ubufakazi bokuhlaliswa kwabantu kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-200,000.
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ILake Manyara, Ichibi leFlamingo
Njengoba ibekwe phansi kweGreat Rift Valley escarpment, iLake Manyara iyichibi elingashoni, eline-alkali elihlanganisa amakhilomitha-skwele angama-230. Kodwa nakuba ingase ibe incane, inkulu ngobuhle nezilwane eziningi zasendle.
I-Manyara ithola isiteketiso sayo ngokuthi "Ichibi le-Flamingo" kusukela kunombolo ye-Lesser Flamingos ayibiza ngokuthi ikhaya. Cishe ezingaphezu kuka-400,000 zalezi zinyoni ezibomvana zithutheleka ogwini lwaseManyara olunamaxhaphozi ukuze zidle ulwelwe futhi zizale. Ukubuka i-ballet ye-flamingo kuwumlingo nje: izinkulungwane zemilenze e-spidly zihamba ngokulandelana emanzini aluhlaza, izintamo zicwiliswa kanyekanye ukuze zihlunge okuphakelayo.
Ngaphandle kwama-flamingo, kunezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-400 ezifika kuleli chibi, kuhlanganise nama-pelicans, storks, cormorants, kingfisher, eagle namanqe. Izihlahla zomtholo zaleli chibi ziheha nama-babblers, abeluki, ama-hornbill nama-starling. Ingabe iManyara iyipharadesi lombukeli wezinyoni? Nakanjani!
Okwezivakashi, ILake Manyara National Park inikeza ukubukwa kwezilwane zasendle okumangalisayo ukusuka emotweni yakho noma phakathi nokuhamba ehlathini. Amabhubesi agibela esihlahleni avilapha emagatsheni, kuyilapho izimvubu ziziphumulele emachibini. Izinkawu eziluhlaza zizulazula emahlathini futhi izinkulungwane zama-flamingo zipenda ogwini olubomvana.
