Imbila yoju

Imbila iyisilwane sasemhlabeni esinemilenze emifushane ehlala emahlathini, amathafa nezintaba e-Afrika nase-Asia. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa elinye igama lesilwane esifanayo - i-ratel. Akuvamile ukubonwa, kodwa uma kwenzeka, ungayibona ngejazi elimpunga elimhlophe ekhanda, emhlane, nomsila, elihluke nombala omnyama wobuso, izinhlangothi, nomzimba ongezansi. Amabheji amnyama agcwele uju nawo akhona kodwa anqunyelwe ku-subspecies eyodwa.

Lesi silwane esithandwa kakhulu yizibungu zezinyosi, ezimba ezidlekeni zezinyosi. Abantu bakubonile lokhu kuziphatha, bathola igama lesiteketiso elithi “honey badger.” Nakuba ibuye idle uju, ukwelapha kwayo okuyinhloko izibungu neziphungumangathi zezinyosi.

Ahlala kuphi amabheji oju? Zitholakala cishe kuyo yonke i-sub-Saharan Africa, kanye naseMali, Mauritania, Western Sahara, naseMorocco. Indawo yabo yase-Asia ihlanganisa izingxenye ze-Western Asia (Middle East) kanye ne-Indian Peninsula. Kusukela namuhla, cishe 12 subspecies zibonwa. Lezi zihlanganisa i-Persian rate, i-Nepalese rate, i-Indian ratel, i-black rate, i-white-backed rate, i-Lake Chad rate, ne-speckled ratel, phakathi kwezinye.

Isici esidume kakhulu sembila ukungesabi, ngisho nalapho sibhekene nezimbangi ezinkulu kakhulu. Lapho isilwane esikhulu, njengenyathi, sihlasela indawo yembila, leli lungu lomndeni we-weasel lihlasela. Imbila efakwe ekhoneni iyingozi kakhulu. Izozivikela ngokuqinile yona kanye nendawo yayo, iphakamise uboya, iveze amazinyo ayo abukhali nezinzipho ezinde, ihayize futhi ibhonge, futhi ikhiphe iphunga elibi. Qiniseka uma isitha singahlehli - imbila izongenela impi kabuhlungu.

Amaqiniso we-Honey Burger

• Naphezu kokubizwa ngokuthi imbila, idla okungaphezu nje koju. I-ratel iyisilwane se-omnivorous futhi esinamandla ngendlela emangalisayo.
• Yangena kuGuinness World Record njengesilwane esingesabi kakhulu.
• Amabheji oju abonwe ehlasela amabhubesi nezinyathi.
• Abakwesabi ukulunywa wufezela nokulunywa yizinyoka ezinobuthi.
• Naphezu kwemilenze yabo emifushane, bangagijima amakhilomitha amaningi nsuku zonke.

Kungani amabheja oju enamandla kangaka, engesabi futhi enolaka?

Izinganekwane zizungeza ukungesabi okwedlulele kwamabheja oju. Abathandi bamadokhumentari ezilwane zasendle bayazi ukuthi ama-honey badger azingela izinyoka ezinobuthi, abhekane ngokungesabi nabaphikisi abakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi aze ahlasele amabhubesi, izinyathi namahhashi. Ngokuvamile, baphuma benqobile kulezi zimpi.

Kungenzeka kanjani lokhu? Enye yezimfihlo ilele esikhunjeni esiwugqinsi kakhulu samambila. Kuyinselele ukuluma ngamazinyo noma ukubhoboza, ngokwesibonelo, izikhwili zezingungumbane. Abanye bachaza isikhumba sabo “njengesixega,” begcizelela ukunwebeka nokunwebeka kwaso. Lokhu kuvumela i-honey badger ukuthi isonte, ijike, futhi iqhubeke nokuhlasela umhlaseli wayo. Naphezu kokuthambile kwaso, isikhumba siminyene impela - abantu bendawo bathi akukho micibisholo noma izindwani zocelemba ezingena kuso.

Uma zihlaselwa, amabheja anezidladla ezimfishane kodwa ezinamandla anezinzipho ezinde ezigobile. Imvelo yabanika lezi zinzipho zokumba imigodi nokucekela phansi izindunduma zomuhlwa nezidleke zezinyosi. Nokho, ukungesabi kwamabheja oju kuyawavumela ukuba asebenzise izinzipho zawo empini. Izidladla ezinamandla zizisiza ukuthi zivikele abahlaseli futhi zijahe inyamazane isikhathi eside ize ingene, iphele amandla. Ngakho, ikhono labo lokuwisa “ibhomu elinukayo” alikona ukuphela kwesikhali sabo!

Kodwa kuthiwani ngobuthi benyoka? Kubonakala sengathi amabheji oju anekhambi ohlelweni lwawo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-honey badgers azingela ama-cobras anobuthi, isibonelo. Uma imfezi iluma imbila ngaphambi kokuba ife, ubuthi bungase bubangele uhlobo oluthile lokukhathala. Nokho, ngemva kwamahora amabili, lesi silwane siyavuka, sinamandla kabusha, futhi ngomoya ophansi siqeda ukudla imfezi ebulewe. Futhi lokho kwenzeka uma amazinyo enyoka ekwazi ukubamba imbila futhi ingene esikhunjeni sayo.

Kukhona ukuqagela mayelana nokuthi lokhu kungasebenza kanjani. Amabheji oju akuzona kuphela izilwane ezikwazi ukuqeda ubuthi bezinyoka. Leli khono likhona kuma-opossums, hedgehogs, skunk, mongooses, nezinye izilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-mongoose anokwakheka okuhlukile kwamaprotheni emisipha namangqamuzana ezinzwa, avimbela ama-molecule anobuthi ekubopheni futhi abangele ukukhubazeka. Ezinye izilwane zinezinto egazini zazo eziqeda ubuthi obunobuthi. Indlela eqondile yokuzivikela emzimbeni wokuzivikela ebuhlungwini obutholakala kumabheja oju ayaziwa.

Enye indlela yokuzivikela ikhono lokukhulula uketshezi olunephunga elinamandla, elingemnandi ezimeni eziyingozi. Izindlala zendunu ezikhulisiwe ziyimbangela yalokhu. Iphunga elibi linganqanda izinambuzane ezinjengezinyosi nezilwane ezinkulu ezingase zihlangane namabheji oju. Kulesi simo, zifana nama-skunks.

Ekugcineni, ake sikhulume ngokutinyelwa kwezinyosi. Amabheja oju ayigwema kanjani imiphumela lapho engena esidlekeni sezinyosi? Ezimweni eziningi, ama-honey badgers awakuzwa ukuluma futhi awathintwa yiwo, ngenxa yesikhumba sawo esiwugqinsi. Kunenkolelo esabalele yokuthi izinyosi azizilimazi nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo ezingavamile zokuthi ama-honey badgers avaleleke ezidlekeni zezinyosi, abekezelele ukuhlaselwa isikhathi eside, futhi ekugcineni anqotshwe izintili eziningi.

Noma kunjalo, izikhathi eziningi, amabheja oju ahlala ephila futhi acishe alimale. Umlingiswa wabo, ophawulwa ubuqhawe nokuzivikela okusebenzayo ophenduka ngokushesha abe ulaka, udlala indima ebalulekile. Kulesi sici, amabheji oju afana nesihlobo sawo, i-wolverine, ehlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Nakuba i-honey badger ibonwe ihlasela amabhubesi nezinyathi, ama-wolverine ngezinye izikhathi abambana namabhere ngendlela efanayo.

Izinsongo zemvelo kumabheja oju

Amabheji oju kukholakala ukuthi cishe awanazo izitha zemvelo, njengoba izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye ezinkulu ziyazazi isimilo sazo futhi zigwema ukubhekana nazo. Nokho, kunezimo lapho amabhubesi nezingwe ziye zabulala khona amabheji oju. Izisulu ngokuvamile kwakungabantu abadala noma ababuthaka. Ezimweni eziningi, i-honey badger enempilo ingaxosha izilwane ezidla ezinye. Isibonelo, kukhona icala elibhaliwe lapho i-honey badger ilwa nayo Amabhubesi ayisithupha futhi waphunyuka engenamyocu uma kuqhathaniswa!

Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ama-predators amabheji oju kungahlanganisa izimpisi, izingwe, amabhubesi, nezingwenya zaseNayile. Ngokuvamile uma sikhuluma ngezinsongo, okuwukuphela kwenkinga yazo engapheli ngabantu. Abantu bazingela amabheja oju ukuze bathole inyama futhi basebenzisa izingxenye zalezi zilwane eziqinile emithini yesintu. Abantu bendawo bakholelwa ukuthi amandla nesibindi salesi silwane siyadluliswa uma kutholwa ingxenye yomzimba wembila.

Enye inkinga abafuyi bezinyosi babeka izicupho zama-honey badgers ukuvikela izidleke zezinyosi. Ngezinye izikhathi, abantu bawafaka ushevu ukuze bawavimbe bangasondeli ezidlekeni zezinyosi nasemahhokweni ezinkukhu.

Sekukonke, lokhu akulona usongo olukhulu ezilwaneni. Ngokusho kwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), nakuba inani lamambila liyancipha, lolu hlobo alusongelwa kakhulu. Isimo sayo sokongiwa Asikhathazeki Kakhulu. Impilo eyimfihlo kanye nokuba kude kwezindawo ezihlala amambila zisuka kubantu kunomthelela omkhulu ekusindeni kwazo. Nokho, isayensi yokongiwa kwemvelo iwabeka njengezisengozini kwezinye izindawo zokuhlala.

Izinsongo zemvelo kumabheja oju

Amabheji oju kukholakala ukuthi cishe awanazo izitha zemvelo, njengoba izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye ezinkulu ziyazazi isimilo sazo futhi zigwema ukubhekana nazo. Nokho, kunezimo lapho amabhubesi nezingwe ziye zabulala khona amabheji oju. Izisulu ngokuvamile kwakungabantu abadala noma ababuthaka. Ezimweni eziningi, i-honey badger enempilo ingaxosha izilwane ezidla ezinye. Isibonelo, kukhona icala elibhaliwe lapho i-honey badger ilwa nayo Amabhubesi ayisithupha futhi waphunyuka engenamyocu uma kuqhathaniswa!

Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ama-predators amabheji oju kungahlanganisa izimpisi, izingwe, amabhubesi, nezingwenya zaseNayile. Ngokuvamile uma sikhuluma ngezinsongo, okuwukuphela kwenkinga yazo engapheli ngabantu. Abantu bazingela amabheja oju ukuze bathole inyama futhi basebenzisa izingxenye zalezi zilwane eziqinile emithini yesintu. Abantu bendawo bakholelwa ukuthi amandla nesibindi salesi silwane siyadluliswa uma kutholwa ingxenye yomzimba wembila.

Enye inkinga abafuyi bezinyosi babeka izicupho zama-honey badgers ukuvikela izidleke zezinyosi. Ngezinye izikhathi, abantu bawafaka ushevu ukuze bawavimbe bangasondeli ezidlekeni zezinyosi nasemahhokweni ezinkukhu.

Sekukonke, lokhu akubeki usongo olukhulu ezinhlotsheni zezilwane Ngokusho kwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), nakuba inani lamabibi oju liyancipha, lolu hlobo alusongelwa kakhulu. Isimo sayo sokongiwa Asikhathazeki Kakhulu. Impilo eyimfihlo kanye nokuba kude kwezindawo ezihlala amambila zisuka kubantu kunomthelela omkhulu ekusindeni kwazo. Nokho, isayensi yokongiwa kwemvelo iwabeka njengezisengozini kwezinye izindawo zokuhlala.

Izindlu zamambila

Indawo evamile yamambila woju iqukethe umgodi omba ngezidladla zawo ezinde ezidlalweni zangaphambili. Kufana nomhubhe ongaba amamitha amathathu ubude (9.8 amafidi) ubude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane singamba sijule ngemitha elilodwa nengxenye (amafidi angu-4.9). Kuthatha cishe imizuzu eyi-10 ukuthi imbe umhubhe emhlabathini oqinile.

Amabheja oju avame ukuthatha amakhaya ezinye izilwane, agqekeze emigodini eseyenziwe kakade yama-aardvarks, izimpungushe, ama-mongoose nama-warthogs. Ngezinye izikhathi, basebenzisa izindunduma zomuhlwa ezingenamuntu.

Akuyona inkinga ukuthi bachithe ubusuku endaweni enamatshe. Kulokhu, amabheja oju ahlela umhume wawo emifantwini yamadwala. Imigodi yezihlahla nayo isebenza njengezindawo zokulala ezifanele. Amabheji oju yizilwane ezishintshashintshashintshayo ekuhleleni izindlu, njengokudla kwazo.