Umlando waseTanzania
ITanzania, izwe elinezindawo ezimangalisayo namagugu amasiko ahlukahlukene, inomlando othatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Kusukela esikhathini sabazingeli bokuqala ukuya ekubuseni kwamakholoni kanye nokulwela inkululeko, uhambo lwayo luphawulwa ukuqina nobunye. Namuhla, iTanzania imi njengesizwe esiziqhenyayo, esakhiwe yisikhathi saso esicebile nesiyingqayizivele. Hlanganyela nathi njengoba sihlola umlando wayo, kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kobukoloni kuya ekubunjweni kwamakholoni, ekuzimele, ekuhlanganisweni neZanzibar, kanye nenqubekela phambili yangemva kobukoloni.
Umlando Wangaphambi Kobukoloni
Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba iTanzania ibe isizwe esaziwayo, izwe laliyikhaya kwabanye okhokho bokuqala abangabantu. Ubufakazi bezinsalela ezivela I-Olduvai Gorge, elavubukulwa ngokudumile uDkt. Louis Leakey nethimba lakhe, lisikisela ukuthi ukuphila komuntu kwaqala lapha eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili edlule. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaqembu ahlukahlukene azinza esifundeni, kuhlanganise nabantu abakhuluma isiBantu, abethula ukulima, ukusebenza kwensimbi nokuhweba.
Isifunda esisogwini lwaseTanzania sibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamanethiwekhi ohwebo neMpumalanga Ephakathi ne-Asia. Ngekhulu lesi-8, abahwebi bama-Arabhu base besungule izindawo zokuhlala ngasoGwini lwesiSwahili, behlanganisa amasiko ase-Afrika nama-Arab ukuze bakhe impucuko yesiSwahili. Amadolobha anjengeKilwa neZanzibar achuma, aba izikhungo ezinkulu zokuhweba ngegolide, amazinyo endlovu nezinongo. Lesi sikhathi saphinde sabhebhetheka inkolo yamaSulumane, eseyinkolo enethonya eTanzania namuhla.
Umlando WamaKoloni
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, imibuso yaseYurophu yaphendulela amehlo ayo e-Afrika phakathi nenkathi edume kabi ethi “Scramble for Africa.” IJalimane yathatha lesi sifunda ngeminyaka yawo-1880, yasiqamba ngokuthi iGerman East Africa. Umbuso wamakoloni wabeka imigomo eqinile, exhaphaza umhlaba nabantu ukuze kuzuze umnotho. Nokho, ukumelana ukunyakaza like the Ukuvukela kwaMaji Maji ka-1905-1907 wabonisa isifiso esiqinile samaTanzania sokulwela inkululeko yabo.
Ngemva kokunqotshwa kweJalimane eMpini Yezwe I, ukulawulwa kwaleli koloni kwadluliselwa eBrithani ngaphansi kwegunya leNhlangano Yezizwe. Le ndawo yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iTanganyika, futhi ukubusa kwamaNgisi kwaletha izakhiwo ezintsha zezomnotho nezenhlalo. Abaphathi bamakholoni bakhuthaza ukulima kwezitshalo zemali, ikakhulukazi u-sisal, ukotini, nekhofi, kanti futhi bakha ingqalasizinda efana nezitimela nemigwaqo. Nokho, abantu bendawo babengenalo izwi elincane ekubuseni, okwabhebhethekisa isifiso sokuzibusa.
Independence
Umzabalazo wenkululeko wadlondlobala phakathi nekhulunyaka lama-20, uholwa uJulius Nyerere onothando kanye neTanganyika African National Union (TANU). UNyerere, umholi onombono, wagcizelela ubumbano nokuzethemba. Ngezingxoxo ezinokuthula, iTanganyika yathola inkululeko eBrithani ngo-December 9, 1961. Ngemva konyaka, yaba i-republic noNyerere njengomongameli wayo wokuqala.
Ukuzimela kwaphawula ukuqala kwenkathi entsha, kodwa futhi yafika nezinselele. Isizwe esisha kwadingeka sakhe umnotho waso, sithuthukise imfundo, sibhekane nokungalingani emphakathini. Izinqubomgomo zikaNyerere zeSocialist, ezaziwa ngokuthi Ujamaa, zazihlose ukwakha umphakathi ozimele osekelwe ekuphileni komphakathi kanye nokulima ngokuhlanganyela. Nakuba zazinesifiso sokuvelela, lezi zinqubomgomo zibhekane nobunzima futhi azizange zifinyelele zonke izinjongo zazo ezazihlosiwe.
Ukuhlanganiswa neZanzibar
Ngaleso sikhathi, ngasogwini, iZanzibar yayinemizabalazo yayo yezombangazwe. I-Sultanate enengxubevange yama-Arabhu, ama-Afrika, nama-Europe, i-Zanzibar yabhekana nenguquko ngo-1964 eyaketula i-Arab elite ebusayo. Ngawo lowo nyaka, iTanganyika neZanzibar zahlangana zakha i-United Republic of Tanzania ngo-April 26, 1964. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwakuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisa zombili lezi zifunda nokuthuthukisa ukuzinza. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, iZanzibar igcina isimo sokuzimela, inohulumeni wayo kanye nomongameli.
I-Post-Colonial Era
Eminyakeni eyalandela inkululeko, iTanzania yabhekana nezinselele zezomnotho nezombusazwe. Ubuholi bukaNyerere babugxile kwezemfundo nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, benza inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo ekuthuthukiseni amazinga okufunda nokubhala kanye nokufinyelela ezinsizeni zezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, imizabalazo yezomnotho yaholela ekwamukelweni kwezinqubomgomo zokukhulula umnotho ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kanye nawo-1990, ziqhelelana nezimiso zezenhlalakahle.
Namuhla, iTanzania iyizwe elithuthuka ngokushesha elinomnotho okhulayo osekelwe kwezokuvakasha, ezolimo kanye nemithombo yemvelo. Ukutholakala kwegesi yemvelo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda kuye kwakhulisa amathuba omnotho. Ngokombusazwe, iTanzania isalokhu ingelinye lamazwe ase-Afrika azinzile, elinokushintshwa kwamandla ngokuthula kusukela kwasungulwa intando yeningi yamaqembu amaningi ngo-1992.
Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo NgeTanzania
ITanzania iyikhaya Mount Kilimanjaro, intaba ende kunazo zonke e-Afrika, eheha izinkulungwane zabaqwali minyaka yonke.
The ISerengeti National Park iphethe i-Great Migration, enye yezenzakalo zezilwane zasendle ezimangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Izwe liphinde libe namaqembu ezizwe angaphezu kuka-120, ngalinye linomthelela ekwahlukeni kwalo okucebile kwamasiko.
IsiSwahili, ulimi lwesizwe, sikhulunywa kabanzi futhi sisebenza njengesici esihlanganisa abantu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, Amabhishi aseZanzibar ziphakathi kwezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni, okwenza iTanzania ibe indawo ehamba phambili yabahambi.
Kusukela ezimpandeni zayo zomlando ezijulile kuya ezinzuzweni zayo zesimanje, iTanzania iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngenkathi ihlonipha isikhathi sayo esidlule. Yisizwe esakhelwe phezu kokuqina, ubumbano, nombono wekusasa elingcono.
