Ukufuduka kwe-Wildebeest enkulu
Lo mboniso umangalisayo wendalo ubakho minyaka le kwi-Maasai Mara/Serengeti wildebeest imfuduko. Amanani ewodwa kunzima ukuwakholelwa: ezifikelela kwizigidi ezibini izilwanyana—amanqu, amaqwarhashe namabhadi—zihamba ngasekunene ukujikeleza le ndawo inkulu, ziqhutywa lithuku lamandulo zifuna idlelo namanzi amatsha.
Elinye lawona mava afunwayo kubathandi bezilwanyana zasendle kunye nendalo, iMfuduko Enkulu yimfuduko ehlala ijikeleza yezilwanyana ezingaphezulu kwesigidi ukutyhubela iSerengeti-Mara ecosystem. Iintsika ezisoloko zishukuma zeenqu, ezidityaniswa nothotho lwamahlakani, zilandela indlela yakudala yokufuna idlelo namanzi. Olu hambo lubanqumla kumathafa eMasai Mara eKenya, ukuya kutsho emazantsi eTanzania, batyhutyhe iSerengeti ukuya kutsho kwincam yeNgorongoro Crater, ngaphambi kokuba bajike bajikeleze kwicala elingasekunene. Endleleni, idrama ephezulu ihlala ikhona njengoko amarhamncwa ethatha amawaka ezilwanyana, kwaye amawaka angakumbi azalwa, egcwalisa amanani kwaye egcina isangqa sobomi.
Ngumdlalo weqonga okwinqanaba elimangalisayo lokwenyani: imihlambi efudukayo ihlangabezana nazo zonke iintlobo zemiceli mngeni kunye nobunzima njengoko isuka kummandla uye komnye, kwaye isoloko ihlaselwa ngamarhamncwa, kungekho nanye ngaphandle kweekati ezinkulu zaseAfrika kunye neengwenya ezinkulu ezilele kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuwela imilambo. Ukufuduka kwenqu enkulu yeSerengeti kukuhamba kwamanani amaninzi eenqu, ehamba namanani amakhulu amaqwarhashe kunye namanani amancinane ebhadi likaGrant, ibhadi likaThomson, i-eland, ne-impala. Ezi zihamba ngokwepateni yonyaka enokuqikelelwa ngokufanelekileyo. Zifuduka unyaka wonke, zifuna amadlelo amatsha kwaye, ngoku kucingwa ukuba, amanzi akumgangatho ongcono.
Indlela iMfuduko Enkulu ehamba ngayo unyaka wonke
Nokuba ngaba inyamakazi ziwisa amathole okanye zizama ukuwela imilambo ngelixa ziphepha amarhamncwa, imfuduko ihlala ihamba unyaka wonke. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde ukuba ukuFuduka okuKhulu kudla ngokubakho ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka.
NgoJanuwari, ngoFebruwari, nangoMatshi Ukufuduka
Malunga nenyanga kaJanuwari ngonyaka, ukufuduka kugqiba uhambo oluya emazantsi, luhamba ngakwimpuma yeSerengeti nakwiNdawo yoLondolozo lweNgorongoro. Apha, amathafa atyebile ngengca enesondlo, enika imihlambi eyona meko ilungileyo yokukhulisa amathole ayo asandul’ ukuzalwa.
Nangona kungekho siqalo sokwenyani okanye isiphelo sale sekethi yokufuduka - ngaphandle kokuzalwa nokufa - kubonakala kunengqiqo ukubiza ixesha lokuzala kweenqumbu ukuqala kokufuduka. Ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari okanye ngoFebruwari, imihlambi ihlala kumathafa anengca emfutshane asasazeke phezu kwamathambeka asemantla eNgorongoro Crater Highlands najikeleze iOlduvai Gorge. Amathole angama-400,000 azalelwa apha kwisithuba seeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, okanye phantse amathole amatsha angama-8,000 yonke imihla.
Ubuninzi bamathole asemancinci asesichengeni kuthetha ukuba amarhamncwa ajikelezileyo nawo aqalisa ukusebenza, ezingela ngokulula ngenxa yenani elikhulu leenqu. Abo banomdla wokunikela ubungqina ngokuzala kunye nedrama yeekati ezinkulu ekuzingeleni kufuneka bajonge kwiinkampu zokufuduka zase-Asilia kumazantsi eSerengeti, ezibonelela ngokufikelela ngokuthe ngqo: Olakira, Kimondo, kunye noBuntu.
UkuFuduka kuka-Aprili noMeyi
Emva kokuzala amantshontsho ngoFebruwari nangoMatshi, malunga noAprili, imihlambi yeenqu irhuqela kumntla-ntshona isiya kwingca esandul’ ukuvela kumbindi weSerengeti, itsala amawaka amaqwarhashe namaqela amancinane eenyamakazi. NgoMeyi, iintsika zeenqu zolula kangangeekhilomitha ezininzi njengoko izilwanyana ziqalisa ukuhlanganisana ngaseMoru Kopjes, kufutshane Inkampu yaseDunia, enye yeenkampu ezimbalwa e-Serengeti enikezela ukujonga ukufuduka ngeli xesha lonyaka. Ixesha lokukhwelana liqala ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, kwaye iinqu zilwa ngokuthe ngqo. Ebudeni balo lonke ‘indledlana,’ uhambo luqhubeka ngokuzolileyo njengoko iinqu, iqwarhashe nebhadi zisitya njengoko zihamba.
Ngokuthe ngcembe, intshukumo iqokelelana ngamandla kwaye inqu iqalisa ukuxinana kwiKhorido eseNtshona yaseSerengeti. Ngeli xesha lonyaka, i-Ubuntu Migration Camp iza kube ifudukile ukuze ilandele imfuduko kwaye ibonelele ngofikelelo lokubukela iinqu ewela uMlambo iGrumeti. Imihlambi yenza amanani amakhulu ecaleni kwamachibi kunye nemijelo yomlambo, ekufuneka iwele ukuze iqhubeke nohambo lwayo. Oku kusenokungabi ngumtsalane njengendawo yokuwela iMara edumileyo, kodwa kusekho iinqu ezaneleyo zokubonelela iingwenya zaseGrumeti ngesidlo sokwenyani. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba uMeyi lixesha eliphantsi ku-Ubuntu. IiSafari ngeli xesha zibonelela ngexabiso elikhulu kuba kukho amanani aphantsi abakhenkethi eSerengeti, ukanti ukubonwa kwezilwanyana zasendle kuhlala kuhle.
NgoJuni nangoJulayi Ukufuduka
NgoJuni, ixesha lonyaka elomileyo liqala ngobuninzi beenqu eNtshona Serengeti nakunxweme olusemazantsi oMlambo iGrumeti. Isilwanyana ngasinye esifudukayo simele sijamelane nocelomngeni lokuwela umlambo ozele ziingwenya—eyokuqala kwezona ntlambo zinzima nezinzima.
Njengoko uJuni usiya kuJulayi, amakhulu amawaka eenqu namaqwarhashe ayaqhubeka esingise emantla ngakwicala elingasentshona lale paki ukuya kutsho kumqobo oyingozi ngakumbi: uMlambo iMara kumntla weSerengeti. Oku kunqumla imilambo ngokungathandabuzekiyo sesinye seziganeko zezilwanyana zasendle ezichulumancisayo eMhlabeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo baqala ekuqaleni kwexesha eliphezulu ngoJulayi, kodwa ixesha lixhomekeke kwindalo.
Imihlambi iya kufumaneka kuMntla Serengeti ngoJulayi. Kamva ngoJulayi, ezo zilwanyana ziye zawela ngempumelelo uMlambo iMara nazo ziya kufumaneka kwi IMasai Mara, apho iindwendwe zeRekero Camp zinokubukela ukuwela imilambo kanye ukusuka kwindawo ephambili yenkampu kuhambo lwazo lwaseKenya. Ngeli xesha, ukuwela imilambo yemihla ngemihla kunokubonwa kwimilambo yaseMara neTalek, yomibini ihlala isembindini wemiboniso emangalisayo.
Agasti, Septemba, no-Oktobha Ukufuduka
NgoAgasti, imihlambi yayijamelene nocelomngeni lokuwela uMlambo iMara ibe yayisasazeke kuwo wonke eMasai Mara Ummandla osemantla, kunye nabaninzi abaseleyo kumantla eSerengeti. Kwiminyaka xa umlambo uqukuqela ngokupheleleyo, ukoyikeka kunye nokubhideka kwiindawo zokuwela - kudityaniswa namarhamncwa alindileyo kunye namaza olwandle - kunokubangela ilahleko enkulu yobomi. Kodwa, kwanakwiminyaka yamanzi aqukuqela kakuhle, iingwenya zenza umonakalo, singasathethi ke ngeengonyama namanye amarhamncwa amakhulu ajikeleza iindonga zeendonga, elungele ukulalela naziphi na iinqu eziya kwelinye icala. Akukho nto inqumlayo: kwezinye iindawo kukho abantu abambalwa, ngelixa abanye bebona inkitha yezilwanyana zihamba ngaphandle kwekhefu iiyure ezininzi.
NgoSeptemba ukuya ku-Okthobha, isiphithiphithi esikhulu sasiphelile, kwaye iikholomu ezifudukayo zahamba ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngasempuma. Noko ke, inqu iza kujamelana namanzi anzima oMlambo iMara kwakhona njengoko ilungiselela ukuwuwela kwakhona kuhambo lwazo lokubuyela emazantsi.
NgoNovemba noDisemba Ukufuduka
Emva kwemvula emfutshane yaseMpuma Afrika ekupheleni kukaOkthobha nasekuqaleni kukaNovemba, inqu isuka eKenya iye kutshona kwimida esempuma yeSerengeti ngaphaya kweNamiri Plains, indawo eyaziwa ngokubona ingwenkala. NgoDisemba, zisasazwa kuyo yonke impuma nasemazantsi.
Kwiinyanga zokuqala zonyaka omtsha, ingca enzulu kumazantsi eSerengeti ichume yimvula. Oku kutsala imihlambi yeenqu namakhulu amawaka amaqwarhashe nezinye izilwanyana zasemathafeni. Umjikelo uyaqhubeka njengoko ixesha lokuzala liqala kwakhona.
IINYANISO EZINGAKUMBI ZOKUfuduka
- Iinqu ezineendevu ezimhlophe ezingaphezu kwe-1.35 lesigidi zitya malunga neetoni ezingama-4,800 XNUMX zengca yonke imihla.
- Angaphezu kwama-250,000 amathole azalwa ngonyaka ngamnye, kunye nesine-esihlanu sizalwa kwithuba elifutshane lokuzala kweeveki nje ezimbalwa kumathafa amafutshane exesha leeveki ezimbalwa kumathafa amafutshane phakathi kuFebruwari (8000-12000 yokuzalwa ngosuku. ). Malunga nama-70,000 ala mathole aya kufa minyaka le ngenxa yokuphangwa, ukurhaxwa, ukwahlukana nonina, njl. njl. Lilonke, malunga nesiqingatha sawo siya kusinda xa sele sibadala.
- Amathole ahamba ngemizuzu emi-3-7 kwaye ayakwazi ukuhambisana nomhlambi kamsinya emva koko.
- Malunga nama-300,000 emazi yenqu akhulelwa ngaphantsi kwenyanga ngexesha lokukhwela iinkunzi xa iinkunzi zikhuphisana ngogonyamelo kwaye zinokubonwa zikhusela imimandla yethutyana.
- Amathafa amafutshane anengca phakathi kweSango iNabi kunye nentaba yaseNgorongoro, apho iinqu zikhetha ukuzala, zinezondlo ezininzi ngenxa yothuthu lwentaba-mlilo olwawela kuloo mmandla kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Ezi ngca zithatha i-calcium, i-sodium, initrogen, kunye ne-phosphorus kumhlaba ongekho nzulu, nto leyo ibalulekile kwiinkomo ezimithiyo nezincancisayo.
- ISerengeti-Mara-Ngorongoro Ecosystem ixhomekeke ekufudukeni ngonyaka kwezilwanyana ezimalunga ne-1.6 yezigidi (iiwildebeest kunye neQwarha) ukuze zigcine ingqibelelo nempilo yazo.
- Inqu yaziwa “njengohlobo oluphambili,” ibumba imekobume ehlala kuyo, itya ngaphezu kwe-1.7 lesigidi seetoni zengca nyaka ngamnye. Ivula indawo enkulu yamadlelo kwezinye izilwanyana, njengamaqwarhashe, amaqunube namabhadi. Ngamanye amazwi, idlala indima ebalulekileyo “njengenkungu” ekwenzeni amadlelo engca aseSerengeti ahluke kwaye abe nemveliso. Le mfuduko iyodwa ifaka iitoni ezingama-3500 zobulongwe kwindawo yendalo yonke imihla (malunga nama-70 amakhareji kaloliwe ngosuku!), ibonelela ngesondlo esixabisekileyo kwizityalo kwaye isebenze njengokutya malunga neentlobo ezili-100 ezahlukeneyo zeenkuba-bulongo.
- Umlambo iMara ngowokuphela komthombo wamanzi eSerengeti onokugcina imfuduko enkulu ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo. Ukuba umlambo uya koma ngenxa yamadama nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi emantla omlambo, iya kuba yintlekele enkulu ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ifile iinqu ezimalunga nama-500,000 XNUMX kunyaka wokuqala.
