Ukufuduka kweWildebeest Enkulu Iinyani ezinomdla
isishwankathelo
Akukho siganeko sezilwanyana zasendle emhlabeni esifana neso Ukufuduka kwe-Wildebeest enkulu. Izilwanyana ezingaphezu kwe-1.5 yezigidi zihamba ngesingqi esingapheliyo, sakudala emathafeni aseTanzania naseKenya, ziqhutywa yimvelo, imvula, kunye nesidingo esingapheliyo sokufumana ingca entsha. Iluhlaza, inkulu, kwaye ithobeka ngokwenene. Esi sikhokelo sigubungela iinyani ezingasemva kokufuduka, ixesha lenyanga, kunye noko kufuneka ukwazi ukuze uzibonele ngokwakho.
Yintoni iFuduko olukhulu lweeNkomo?
Ukufuduka kwezilwanyana zasendle yintshukumo enkulu yezilwanyana emhlabeni, eyaqatshelwa ngo-2013 njengenye yeZimangaliso ezisixhenxe zeNdalo zaseAfrika. Unyaka ngamnye, abantu abangaphezu kwe-1.35 yezigidi abaneendevu ezimhlophe eNtshona inyamakazi, zidibene namakhulu amawaka eeqwarhashe neenyamakazi, zilandela indlela ejikelezayo enqumla kwindawo enkulu yezilwanyana zaseSerengeti-Mara zifuna amadlelo amatsha namanzi.
Le ndlela igubungela malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-800 iyonke, isuka kwiindawo ezimfutshane ezinengca emazantsi eTanzania ukuya emantla idlula embindini nasentshona yeSerengeti, iwele uMlambo iMara iye kwiMasai Mara yaseKenya, ize ibuye kwakhona. Umjikelo awupheli ngokwenene. Sisiganeko esihlala sihleli, esiqhutywa ziindlela zemvula, kunye nezigaba ezahlukeneyo zokufuduka ezibonelela ngamava ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha nendawo otyelela kuyo.
Okubalulekileyo kukuba, malunga nama-70 ekhulwini okufuduka kwenzeka ngaphakathi eTanzania. Nangona iindawo ezidumileyo zokuwela uMlambo iMara phakathi kuka-Agasti no-Okthobha zitsala ingqalelo enkulu, iinyamakazi zichitha malunga neenyanga ezilithoba zonyaka zisitya kwaye zihambahamba kumhlaba waseTanzania, nto leyo eyenza iTanzania ibe yeyona ntliziyo yokufuduka.
Inyanga yokuFuduka ngeNyanga
Ukuqonda ixesha lokufuduka kubalulekile ekucwangciseni uhambo oluza kukubeka kwindawo elungileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya kuMatshi: Ixesha lokuQonda eNdutu Amathafa aseSerengeti nawaseNdutu asezantsi apho ukufuduka kuqala khona isahluko sawo esimangalisayo. Ukususela ekupheleni kukaJanuwari ukuya kuMatshi, ixesha lokuzala kweenkonde liqala kwiindawo ezimfutshane ezinengca phakathi kweNabi Gate kunye neentaba zaseNgorongoro. Xa iphezulu, malunga namathole angama-8,000 azalwa yonke imihla, uninzi lwawo lufika ngaphakathi kwefestile exineneyo yeeveki ezimbalwa phakathi kuFebruwari.
Olu ngqokelela lwezilwanyana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa lubangela elinye lamaxesha omsebenzi onzima kakhulu wezilwanyana ezizingelayo unyaka wonke. Iingonyama, iingwe, iingwe, iingcuka, kunye neenja zasendle zonke ziyahlangana kwindawo yokuzala, kwaye ukuzingela akupheli. Lelinye lawona maxesha amangalisayo nanamandla ngokweemvakalelo ukuba seSerengeti, nangona kusekude ukuba kuwele umlambo iinyanga.
Iingca ezimfutshane zaseNdutu nazo zinesondlo esimangalisayo. Amawaka eminyaka othuli lwentaba-mlilo oluvela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zaseNgorongoro luye lwatyebisa umhlaba onganzulu ngecalcium, i-sodium, i-nitrogen, kunye ne-phosphorus. Ingca ekhula apha inika kanye oko kufunwa ziingwenya ezimithiyo nezincancisayo, kwaye inkqubo yendalo iguquke ngempumelelo kwiminyaka emininzi ukuze iqokelele imihlambi kule ndawo ithile ngeli xesha lonyaka.
Amathole eenkonde akhawuleza kakhulu ukukhula. Ayakwazi ukuhambahamba kwimizuzu emithathu ukuya kwesixhenxe emva kokuzalwa kwaye ayakwazi ukuhambisana nomhlambi kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Olu phuhliso lukhawulezileyo luyimpendulo ethe ngqo kwingxinano yezilwanyana ezizingelayo ezijikeleze ukuzalwa ngakunye.
U-Epreli noMeyi: Imvula ende kunye neNtshukumo yaseMantla Njengoko imvula ifika kwaye ingca esemazantsi iqalisa ukoma, imihlambi iqala ukuhamba iye emantla idlula embindini weSerengeti. Eli lixesha elizolileyo kubakhenkethi, kukho iimoto ezimbalwa ezindleleni, iindawo eziluhlaza, kunye nombono weSerengeti kwindawo yayo enohlaza kwaye inomoya opholileyo.
Juni nangoJulayi: I-Western Corridor kunye noMlambo iGrumeti Ukufuduka kudlulela kwikona esentshona yeSerengeti, apho uMlambo iGrumeti uyindawo yokuqala yokuwela enkulu kulo nyaka. Iingwenya zeNayile zilinde emanzini angaphantsi kakhulu apha, kwaye nangona iindawo zokuwela iGrumeti zingabalulekanga kangako kunezo zoMlambo iMara, zisenokuba zizinto ezimangalisayo ukuzibona.
Agasti ukuya ku-Okthobha: Ukuwela uMlambo iMara Eli linqanaba lokufuduka elicingelwa ngabantu abaninzi xa becinga ngokufuduka okukhulu kweeNkomo. Njengoko imihlambi ingena kumantla eSerengeti ize iwele eMasai Mara yaseKenya, kufuneka ihambe ngoMlambo iMara, okuphela komthombo wamanzi ohlala uhleli onokuqhubeka nokufuduka ngexesha lemvula.
Iindlela zokuwela aziqikeleleki, azinasiphithiphithi, kwaye ziyamangalisa. Amawaka eenyamakazi ahlangana elunxwemeni lomlambo, ezibhokoxa ngaphambi kokuba angene, alwe nomsinga, aze agijime kwiingwenya ezinkulu zaseNayile ezilinde emanzini. Ezinye iindlela zokuwela zibandakanya amashumi amawaka ezilwanyana. Ezinye ziyaphunza xa izilwanyana ezikhokelayo ziphelelwa yintliziyo kwaye umhlambi ubuyela umva. Akukho sikhokelo sinokukuxelela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kuza kwenzeka nini ukuwela, kwaye ukungaqikeleli yinxalenye yento eyenza ukububona bube namandla kangaka.
UMlambo iMara ubalulekile ekusindeni kokufuduka. Ukuba umlambo ungaphela, ngenxa yamadama okanye ukugawulwa kwamahlathi phezulu kwi-Mara watershed, iziphumo ziya kuba zimbi kakhulu. Uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba malunga ne-500,000 yeenkonde zinokufa kunyaka wokuqala kuphela.
Novemba ukuya kuDisemba: Ukubuya eMzantsi Njengoko kufika iimvula ezimfutshane ngoNovemba, imihlambi iqala uhambo lwayo lokubuyela emazantsi idlula kwiSerengeti, igqibezela umjikelo wonyaka ize izilungiselele kwakhona ixesha lokuzala eliza kuqala ngoJanuwari.
Iinyaniso ezili-10 malunga nokuFuduka kweNkomo Okukhulu Okunokukumangalisa
Imihlambi iyonke itya malunga neetoni ezingama-4,800 zengca yonke imihla ngexesha lokufuduka. Ukunika elo nani isikali, bubunzima beendlovu ezindala zaseAfrika ezimalunga nama-800 ezitya ingca yonke imihla.
Malunga nama-300,000 eenkomokazi zeWildebeest ziyakhulelwa kwisithuba esingaphantsi kwenyanga enye ngexesha lokuzala, xa iinkunzi zikhuphisana ngamandla ngeendawo zexeshana kunye namalungelo okukhwelana. Ukuzala ngokwexesha elifanayo yikona okuvelisa ixesha lokuzala ngokwexesha elifanayo, kwaye ukuzala okuqokelelweyo kokona kugqwesa izilwanyana ezizingelayo kwaye kuvumela amathole aneleyo ukuba aphile aze abe madala.
Malunga namathole angama-250,000 azalwa minyaka le ngexesha lokuzala, apho malunga nama-8,000 ukuya kwi-12,000 afika ngosuku kwincopho. Nangona kukho uxinzelelo olukhulu lwezilwanyana ezizingelayo, malunga nesiqingatha sawo onke amathole azalwayo aya kusinda aze abe madala.
Ukufuduka kungenisa malunga neetoni ezingama-3,500 zendle kwindawo ye-ecosystem yaseSerengeti yonke imihla. Oko kulingana neekhareji ezingama-70 zendle ezigcwele ngokupheleleyo imihla ngemihla, zibonelela ngezondlo ezibalulekileyo kwizityalo kwaye zixhasa malunga neentlobo ezili-100 ezahlukeneyo ze-dung beetles kule nkqubo.
IiWildebeest zizinto izazi ngendalo ezizibiza ngokuba zi-keystone species. Ukutya kwazo ingca engaphezu kwe-1.7 yezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka kuvula amadlelo amakhulu kwezinye iintlobo kuquka i-zebra, i-hartebeest, kunye ne-gazelle. Ngaphandle kweeWildebeest, ulwakhiwo lonke kunye nemveliso yengca yaseSerengeti ibiya kutshintsha ngokusisiseko.
Ukufuduka akupheli ngenene. Ngumjikelo oqhubekayo, unyaka wonke ongenasiqalo nasiphelo, oqhutywa ngokupheleleyo sisigqi semvula yonyaka kulo lonke indalo.
Liliphi Ixesha Elifanelekileyo Lokubona Ukufuduka Okukhulu?
Inyanga nganye yonyaka inika amava okufuduka ahlukileyo nawangempela. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwinto ofuna ukuyibona.
Ngexesha lokuzala kunye nentshukumo enamandla yezilwanyana ezizingelayo, tyelela phakathi kokuphela kukaJanuwari noMatshi. Kwiindawo ezidumileyo zokuwela uMlambo iMara, cwangcisa uhambo lwakho phakathi kokuphela kukaJulayi no-Okthobha. Ukuze ufumane amava athuleyo, afikelelekayo, kwaye anomoya opholileyo eSerengeti kunye nokufuduka okugcweleyo kunye nezithuthi ezimbalwa kakhulu, u-Epreli, uMeyi, noNovemba zezona ndlela zibalaseleyo.
Jonga ukuFuduka Okukhulu kunye neKiwoito Africa Safaris
Ixesha libalulekile ngokufuduka, kwaye ukwazi apho umele uzibeke khona kwinqanaba ngalinye lonyaka lulwazi oluvela kumava okhoyo emhlabeni. IKiwoito Africa Safaris, ese-Arusha, ikhokela abahambi ukuya kufuduko kangangeminyaka, kwaye iqela leKiwoito liyazi kakuhle iSerengeti, ukusuka kwiindawo zokuzala eNdutu ukuya kunxweme lomlambo apho kwenzeka khona ukuwela. Nokuba ufuna ukubona isiphithiphithi sokuzala ngoFebruwari, ukuwela umlambo okumangalisayo ngo-Agasti, okanye ixesha eliluhlaza elinomoya ovuthuzayo kunye nemihlambi ehambahambayo, iKiwoito iza kwakha uhambo oluza kukubeka kwindawo elungileyo. Nxibelelana nathi ukuze uqalise ukucwangcisa uhambo lwakho lokufuduka.
