Mbalame ya uchi

Mbalameyi ndi nyama yapadziko lapansi yokhala ndi miyendo yaifupi yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango, m'mapiri, ku Africa ndi Asia. Mwina munamvapo dzina lina la nyama yomweyo - ratel. Siziwoneka kawirikawiri, koma zikachitika, mukhoza kuzizindikira ndi ubweya waubweya wotuwa pamutu, msana, ndi mchira, kusiyana ndi mtundu wakuda wa nkhope, mbali, ndi pansi. Mbalame zakuda kwambiri za uchi ziliponso koma zimangokhala mtundu umodzi.

Nyama yamtundu uliwonse imeneyi imakonda kwambiri ndi mphutsi za njuchi zomwe zimakumba ming'oma ya njuchi. Anthu adawona khalidweli, ndipo adatchedwa "honey badger". Ngakhale imadyanso uchi, chomwe chimathandiza kwambiri ndi mphutsi ndi mphutsi za njuchi.

Kodi mbira za uchi zimakhala kuti? Amapezeka pafupifupi ku sub-Saharan Africa, komanso ku Mali, Mauritania, Western Sahara, ndi Morocco. Malo awo okhala ku Asia akuphatikizapo madera akumadzulo kwa Asia (Middle East) ndi Indian Peninsula. Kuyambira lero, pafupifupi 12 subspecies amadziwika. Izi zikuphatikizapo Persian Ratel, Nepalese Ratel, Indian Ratel, Black Ratel, White-Backed Ratel, Lake Chad Ratel, ndi Sparkled Ratel, ndi zina.

Khalidwe lodziwika kwambiri la mbira ndi kusachita mantha, ngakhale pakulimbana ndi adani akuluakulu. Nyama yaikulu, monga njati, ikalowa m’dera la mbira, munthu wa m’banja la namwaliyu amaukira. Mbira yam'ngodya ndiyowopsa kwambiri. Idzadziteteza ndi madera ake moopsa, ikukweza ubweya, ikuonetsa mano ake akuthwa ndi zikhadabo zazitali, ikulira ndi kubuula, ndi kutulutsa fungo loipa. Dziwani kuti ngati mdaniyo sabwerera m'mbuyo - mbira idzachita nawo nkhondo mwamphamvu.

Zowona za Honey Burger

• Ngakhale kuti imatchedwa mbira, imadya zambiri kuposa uchi wokha. Ratel ndi nyama ya omnivorous komanso yowononga kwambiri.
• Inalowa mu Guinness World Record ngati nyama yopanda mantha kwambiri.
• Mbalame zakhala zikuwombera mikango ndi njati.
• Iwo saopa kulumidwa ndi zinkhanira ndi kulumidwa ndi njoka zaululu.
• Ngakhale kuti ali ndi miyendo yayifupi, amatha kuthamanga makilomita ambiri tsiku lililonse.

N’chifukwa chiyani mbira za uchi zili zamphamvu, zopanda mantha komanso zaukali?

Nthano zimazungulira kusachita mantha kwakukulu kwa mbira. Okonda nyama zakuthengo amadziwa kuti akalulu amasaka njoka zaululu, amalimbana mopanda mantha ndi adani akuluakulu, ndipo nthawi zina amaukira mikango, njati, ndi akavalo. Nthawi zambiri, iwo amatuluka opambana pankhondo zimenezi.

Kodi izi zingatheke bwanji? Chimodzi mwa zinsinsi zagona pakhungu lokhuthala kwambiri la akalulu. Zimakhala zovuta kuluma ndi mano kapena kuboola ndi, mwachitsanzo, mapiko a nungu. Ena amafotokoza kuti khungu lawo ndi "lotayirira," kutsindika kulimba kwake komanso kutambasuka. Izi zimathandiza kuti mbira yomwe yagwidwayo igwedezeke, kutembenuka, ndi kupitiriza kuukira woukirayo. Ngakhale kuti khungu lake ndi lolimba, khungu ndi lowundana kwambiri - anthu am'deralo amanena kuti mivi kapena zikwanje sizilowamo.

Poukira, akalulu amakhala ndi zikhadabo zazifupi koma zamphamvu zokhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali zopindika. Chilengedwe chinawapatsa zikhadabo zimenezi kuti azikumba makumba ndi kuononga machulu a chiswe ndi ming'oma ya njuchi. Komabe, kupanda mantha kwa akalulu amawalola kugwiritsa ntchito zikhadabo zawo pankhondo. Zamphamvu zamphamvu zimawathandiza kulimbana ndi omwe akuukira ndikuthamangitsa nyama kwa nthawi yayitali mpaka itagonja, itatopa kwambiri. Chotero, kukhoza kwawo kuponya “bomba lonunkha” sikuli chida chawo chokha!

Koma bwanji za ululu wa njoka? Zikuoneka kuti honey badges ali ndi mankhwala mu dongosolo lawo. Zimadziwika kuti mbira za uchi zimasaka njoka zamoto, mwachitsanzo. Mphiri ikamaluma mbira isanamwalire, ululuwo ungayambitse kuledzera. Komabe, pafupifupi maola awiri pambuyo pake, nyamayo imadzuka, ilinso ndi mphamvu, ndipo mwakachetechete inamaliza kudya mphiri wakufayo. Izi zili choncho ngati mano a njoka amatha kugwira mbira ndi kuloŵa pakhungu lake.

Pali zongopeka za momwe izi zingagwire ntchito. Si nyama zokhala ndi uchi zomwe zimatha kuthetsa ululu wa njoka. Kutha kumeneku kumapezekanso mu opossums, hedgehogs, skunk, mongooses, ndi nyama zina. Mwachitsanzo, ma mongoose amakhala ndi mapuloteni osiyanasiyana m'minyewa yawo ndi mitsempha, zomwe zimalepheretsa mamolekyu a poizoni kuti asamangidwe ndikupangitsa ziwalo. Nyama zina zili ndi zinthu m'magazi awo zomwe zimachepetsa poizoni. The zokhudza zokhudza thupi limagwirira chitetezo ku chiwewe mu uchi badges sichidziwika.

Njira ina yodzitetezera ndikutha kutulutsa madzi okhala ndi fungo lamphamvu, losasangalatsa pakagwa zoopsa. Ziwalo zokulitsa kumatako ndizomwe zimayambitsa izi. Fungo loipalo limatha kulepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga njuchi ndi nyama zazikulu zomwe mbira zimakumana nazo. Mu gawo ili, iwo amafanana ndi skunks.

Pomaliza, tiyeni tikambirane za mbola za njuchi. Kodi mbira zimapewa bwanji zotsatira zake zikalowa mumng'oma wa njuchi? Nthawi zambiri, mbira za uchi sizimva mbola ndipo sizikhudzidwa nazo, chifukwa cha khungu lawo lakuda. Pali chikhulupiliro chofala chakuti njuchi sizimawononga nkomwe. Komabe, nthawi zambiri pali mbira zomwe zimatsekeredwa muming'oma ya njuchi, kupirira kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo pamapeto pake zimaluma kambirimbiri.

Komabe, nthawi zambiri, mbira zimakhalabe zamoyo ndipo sizikuvulazidwa. Khalidwe lawo, lomwe limadziwika ndi kulimba mtima komanso chitetezo chachangu, lomwe limasintha mwachangu kukhala ndewu, limathandiza kwambiri. Pambali imeneyi, mbira za uchi zimafanana ndi wachibale wawo, nkhandwe, yomwe imakhala kumadera a kumpoto. Ngakhale kuti mbira zaoneka zikuukira mikango ndi njati, mimbulu nthawi zina imamenyana ndi zimbalangondo mofananamo.

Zowopsa zachilengedwe kwa mbira za uchi

Amakhulupirira kuti akalulu a uchi amakhala opanda adani achilengedwe, chifukwa nyama zazikulu zambiri zimadziwa mawonekedwe awo ndipo zimapewa kuchita nawo. Komabe, nthawi zina mikango ndi nyalugwe zapha mbira. Ozunzidwawo anali okalamba kapena ofooka. Nthawi zambiri, mbira yathanzi imatha kuthamangitsa zilombo. Mwachitsanzo, pali nkhani yolembedwa pomwe mbira inamenya nawo nkhondo Mikango 6 ndipo anapulumuka osavulazidwa!

Komabe, nthawi zina, zolusa za uchi angaphatikizepo afisi, akambuku, mikango, ndi ng’ona za mumtsinje wa Nile. Kaŵirikaŵiri ponena za ziwopsezo, vuto lokhalo lokhazikika kwa iwo ndi la anthu. Anthu amasaka mbira kuti apeze nyama ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mbali zina za nyama zolimbazi ngati mankhwala. Anthu akumeneko amakhulupirira kuti mphamvu ndi kulimba mtima kwa nyamayi zimasamutsidwa ngati gawo la thupi la mbira lipezeka.

Vuto lina ndi alimi amatchera misampha ya njuchi pofuna kuteteza ming'oma ya njuchi. Nthawi zina, anthu amawapha poizoni kuti asafike kuming'oma ya njuchi ndi makola a nkhuku.

Zonsezi, izi sizipereka chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa zamoyo. Malinga ndi bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), ngakhale kuti mbira zikucheperachepera, zamoyozi sizikuwopsezedwa kwambiri. Kusungidwa kwake sikudetsa nkhawa. Moyo wodzipatula komanso kutalikirana kwa mbira zomwe zimakhala kutali ndi anthu zimawathandiza kukhalabe ndi moyo. Komabe, sayansi yoteteza zachilengedwe imawaika m’gulu la anthu amene ali pangozi m’malo enaake.

Zowopsa zachilengedwe kwa mbira za uchi

Amakhulupirira kuti akalulu a uchi amakhala opanda adani achilengedwe, chifukwa nyama zazikulu zambiri zimadziwa mawonekedwe awo ndipo zimapewa kuchita nawo. Komabe, nthawi zina mikango ndi nyalugwe zapha mbira. Ozunzidwawo anali okalamba kapena ofooka. Nthawi zambiri, mbira yathanzi imatha kuthamangitsa zilombo. Mwachitsanzo, pali nkhani yolembedwa pomwe mbira inamenya nawo nkhondo Mikango 6 ndipo anapulumuka osavulazidwa!

Komabe, nthawi zina, zolusa za uchi angaphatikizepo afisi, akambuku, mikango, ndi ng’ona za mumtsinje wa Nile. Kaŵirikaŵiri ponena za ziwopsezo, vuto lokhalo lokhazikika kwa iwo ndi la anthu. Anthu amasaka mbira kuti apeze nyama ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mbali zina za nyama zolimbazi ngati mankhwala. Anthu akumeneko amakhulupirira kuti mphamvu ndi kulimba mtima kwa nyamayi zimasamutsidwa ngati gawo la thupi la mbira lipezeka.

Vuto lina ndi alimi amatchera misampha ya njuchi pofuna kuteteza ming'oma ya njuchi. Nthawi zina, anthu amawapha poizoni kuti asafike kuming'oma ya njuchi ndi makola a nkhuku.

Zonsezi, izi sizingawopsyeze kwambiri zamoyozo Malinga ndi bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha mbira chikucheperachepera, zamoyozo sizikuwopsezedwa kwambiri. Kusungidwa kwake sikudetsa nkhawa. Moyo wodzipatula komanso kutalikirana kwa mbira zomwe zimakhala kutali ndi anthu zimawathandiza kukhalabe ndi moyo. Komabe, sayansi yoteteza zachilengedwe imawaika m’gulu la anthu amene ali pangozi m’malo enaake.

Nyumba za mbira za uchi

Nthawi zambiri mbira zimakhala ndi dzenje lomwe limakumba ndi zikhadabo zazitali kutsogolo kwake. Ili ngati ngalande yomwe imatha kutalika mamita atatu (9.8 mapazi). Komanso, nyamayo imatha kukumba mozama mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka (mamita 4.9). Zimatenga pafupifupi mphindi 10 kuti ikumbire ngalande pamalo olimba.

Kaŵirikaŵiri, mbira zimalanda nyumba za nyama zina, n’kuthyola m’ngalande zomangidwa kale za nkhandwe, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, ndi akalulu. Nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito milu ya chiswe.

Sikuli vuto kwa iwo kugona m’malo amiyala. Pamenepa, mbira zimakonza dzenje lawo m’ming’alu ya miyala. Maenje amitengo amakhalanso malo abwino ogona. Ng'ombe za Honey ndi nyama zosinthasintha pomanga nyumba, monga zakudya zawo.