Serengeti Antelopes
Serengeti Antelopes
Ambiri mwa Serengeti antelopes adzakhala odziwika kwa alendo ochokera m'mabuku, wailesi yakanema, kapena mafilimu.
Koma pali antelope ambiri omwe mwina sadziwika kapena odziwika bwino, ngakhale kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri ku chilengedwe cha chilengedwe.
Monga gawo la kalozera wa safari ku Tanzania, timayang'ana antelopes a Serengeti ndikulemba nyama zonse zodabwitsa zomwe muyenera kuziwona mukamayendera gawo lokongolali la Africa.
Mitundu Ya Antelopes Ku Serengeti
The Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Serengeti ndi malo opitilira 14,750 masikweya kilomita ndipo ndi kwawo kwa mitundu yopitilira 300 ya zinyama. Ndipotu pakiyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha ziweto zake zambirimbiri.
Pakati pawo pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya antelope omwe amakhala m’madera osiyanasiyana a Serengeti.
Dera ili la Africa lili ndi mitundu yambiri ya antelope, mitundu khumi ndi isanu ndi umodzi yonse, kuchokera ku nyumbu zazikulu ndi eland mpaka dik-dik ndi klipsppringer.
Ena ndi okongola kwambiri, ndipo ena ndi olimba kwambiri. Komabe mitundu yodabwitsayi ya antelope onse amakhala m'dera limodzi, ngakhale lalikulu kwambiri.
Kotero, tiyeni tiwone zozizwitsa izi za antelope za Serengeti.
Nyumbu
Nyumbu mwina ndizo nyama zodziwika bwino kwambiri ku Serengeti. Ndi imodzi mwa antelope zazikulu kwambiri ndipo imadziwikanso kuti gnu, nyumbu ya buluu, kapena brindled gnu.
Iwo ndi otchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha ziwerengero zazikulu zomwe zimatenga nawo gawo mu Kusamuka Kwakukulu. Apa ndi pamene nyama zazikulu mamiliyoni ambiri zimayenda mumsewu waukulu wozungulira potsatira chakudya ndi madzi.
Nyumbu, ngakhale kuti zikupanga mbali yaikulu ya kusamukaku, si zokhazo zimene zikutenga nawo mbali.
Mbalame zazikuluzikuluzi ndi zodya udzu zomwe zimadya zomera monga udzu ndi masamba.
Iwo ali ndi mutu wautali wamakona anayi ndi mane omwe amatambasula pamsana pawo.
Nyumbu zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimakhala ndi nyanga zazitali zopindika, ngakhale kuti zazimuna zimakhala zazikulu komanso zimakhala ndi malaya akuda pang’ono.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku slate imvi mpaka bulauni.
eland
Eland ndi phala lalikulu kwambiri. Imatha kulemera mpaka mapaundi 2,000 ndipo kutalika kwa phewa kumakhala pafupifupi mapazi 4.9. Amuna amakonda kukhala akulu kuposa akazi.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za eland ndi nyanga zawo zozungulira.
Amakhalanso ndi mizere yakuda yodziwika bwino yomwe imatsika pakati pa msana wawo ndi mame pansi pa khosi lawo, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nyengo m'madera ouma.
Elands amadziwika kuti 'track on track'.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti kulikonse kumene phazi lakutsogolo litera, phazi lakumbuyo lidzatera pamalo omwewo kuti phokoso lichepetse phokoso lomwe limapanga poyenda m’tchire.
Eland imatha kudumpha kupitilira mamita atatu muutali ndikukhala m'chipululu, m'mapiri, kapena m'tchire. M’nyengo yamvula, amapezeka m’nkhalango za kumpoto kwa Serengeti.
M'nyengo yamvula, nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumapiri akumwera kapena kum'mawa kwa paki.
Lesser Kudu
Mbalame ya Serengeti iyi ndi cholengedwa chochititsa chidwi komanso chosavuta kuchizindikira. Komabe, zingakhale zovuta kuziwona chifukwa ndi zamanyazi kwambiri ndipo zimathera nthawi yambiri m'zitsamba zowirira.
Amuna amakhala ndi nyanga zozungulira ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kuposa zazikazi.
Ali ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala yopyapyala m'matupi awo mpaka kumunsi, ndipo ali ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yokulirapo pakhosi ndi pakhosi. Amuna amakhala ndi malaya oderapo pomwe aakazi amakhala ofiirira.
Kudu wocheperako amathera nthawi yawo yambiri m'nkhalango za kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Serengeti.
Ndizovuta kuwona, ndipo mumatha kuwona kung'anima koyera kuchokera pansi pa mchira wawo akamachoka.
Kuti azisiyanitsa ndi kuduli wamkulu, miyendo ndi nyanga za kudu zazing'ono zimakhala ndi lalanje kwa izo.
Bohor Reedbuck
Bohor reedbucks ndi antelope apakati omwe ali ndi miyendo yayitali yomwe nthawi zambiri imawonedwa pafupi ndi magwero amadzi ku Serengeti. Amabisala makamaka mu udzu wautali.
Nkhosa zamphongo zimakhala ndi khosi lolimba komanso zomangika kuposa zazikazi. Amakhalanso ndi nyanga zazing’ono zoyang’ana kutsogolo, pamene zazikazi zilibe.
Chovalacho ndi chachikasu mpaka chotuwa chabulauni ndi mbali zoyera, ndipo ali ndi mizere yakuda kutsogolo kwa mwendo uliwonse.
Amuna amatha kufika pakati pa 100-133 lbs, pamene akazi ndi ochepa pa 77-100 lbs.
Bohor reedbucks amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena awiriawiri. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ausiku, amakonda kudyera msipu usiku.
Azimayi amabereka mwana wa ng'ombe imodzi pakadutsa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri.
Ana amabisala kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu yoyambirira ya moyo wawo, amangotuluka kukayamwitsa kwa mphindi 10-30 panthawi imodzi.
East African Oryx
Kum'mawa kwa Africa oryx, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti beisa, ndi mitundu yomwe ili pachiwopsezo cha Serengeti, ndipo anthu akucheperachepera.
Nyama zimenezi zasakidwa mosaloledwa ndi anthu amene amakhulupirira kuti magazi ndi mnofu wawo ungathe kuchiza matenda kapena kupereka mphamvu yodabwitsa.
Mitundu ya fringe-eared oryx ndi mtundu womwe umapezeka ku Serengeti.
Ndi mtundu wosiyana kwambiri wa antelope Serengeti. Ndi mtundu wa fawn wokhala ndi zingwe zakuda ndi mikwingwirima yoyera kumaso kwake. Mzere wakuda pathupi umasonyeza pamene mtundu wa fawn umapita kumimba yoyera.
Amuna ndi akazi amakonda kuoneka mofanana, okhala ndi nyanga zazitali zowongoka zomwe zimakhala ndi mphete.
Ndi nyama zakudera ndipo adzagwiritsa ntchito liwiro lawo ngati njira yodzitetezera motsutsana ndi adani.
Mphepo ya Grant
Mbalame yokongola imeneyi nthawi zambiri imasokonezedwa ndi mbawala ya Thomson yodziwika kwambiri.
Komabe, mbawala ya Grant ndi yaikulu ndipo ilibe mzere wakuda kumbali yake. Ilinso ndi chigamba choyera kumchira chomwe chimatambasula kumbuyo kwake.
Anyaniwa a Serengeti amakhala m'magulu akuluakulu ndipo amatenga nawo gawo mu Kusamuka Kwakukulu chaka chilichonse. Amathanso kukhala nthawi yayitali popanda madzi.
Zimenezi n’zotheka chifukwa chakuti amatha kukweza kutentha kwa thupi lawo kuti asatulukire thukuta pamene kwatentha, motero amasunga madzi.
Mphepete za Amuna a Grant zimalemera pakati pa 121-176 lbs ndi zazikazi pakati pa 77-100 lbs.
Onse aŵiri, yaimuna ndi yaikazi, ali ndi nyanga zooneka ngati zingwe, zooneka ngati zingidwe. Amatha kuyeza pakati pa mainchesi 18-30 m'litali.
Akazi amabereka mwana wa ng'ombe mmodzi pakatha miyezi 7 yoyembekezera. Mwana wa ng’ombeyo amabisidwa m’udzu wautali, ndipo amake amapita kukadya, ndipo amabwerera kangapo tsiku lililonse kukayamwitsa mbawalayo.
Mphepo ya Thomson
Imodzi mwa antelopes odziwika bwino ku Serengeti ndi mbawala ya Thomson.
Yaing'ono kuposa inzake, mbawala ya Grant, ili ndi mikwingwirima yosiyana pamimba yake kuti iwalekanitse.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya mbawala za Thomson, mbawala zakummawa ndi za Serengeti Thomson.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imapezeka ku Serengeti ili ndi nkhope yoyera kuposa mbawala yakum'mawa ndi mizere yakuda yomwe imachokera ku diso lamkati kupita kukamwa.
Akuti pali pafupifupi 500,000 mbawala ku Serengeti, osakaniza a Thomson's ndi Grant's mbawala.
Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala achiwiri kwa ambalawe ambiri m'paki pambuyo pa nyumbu.
Female Mbawala za Thomson ali ndi nyanga zazifupi kuposa zazimuna.
Amabereka mwana wa ng’ombe mmodzi atatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyembekezera. Mbalame zazing'ono za Thomson nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa ndi adani m'nyengo yobereka.
Nkhumba
Monga momwe dzina lake likusonyezera, kalulu amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi gwero la madzi ndipo amafunika udzu wabwino kuti adye.
Pachifukwa ichi, imakhala m'madera enieni a Serengeti, monga nkhalango zapakati pa pakiyi.
Anyaniwa a ku Serengeti ndi osavuta kuwazindikira. Ali ndi tsitsi lalitali, lopindika m'khosi mwawo ndi mphete yoyera pamutu wawo.
Chovala chawo chimakhala chosanjikiza madzi chifukwa cha mafuta opaka mafuta, ndipo nyanga zazimuna zazitali ndi zokulirapo zimalira mopanda phokoso. Kutalika kwa nyanga kumatha kufika masentimita 40.
Waterbuck si nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zazikulu, zomwe zingakhale chifukwa cha malaya awo akuluakulu. Mwina pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zambiri amangogwidwa ndi mikango yanjala.
Ndole zazimuna nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu ndi 25% kuposa zazikazi.
Nyengo yoswana imatha kufalikira chaka chonse, ndipo ana ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kufa chifukwa cha adani monga amphaka akulu.
Mphalapala
Mbalamezi zimadziwikanso kuti kongoni kapena kaama.
Ngakhale kuti ali ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi maonekedwe oipa, nyani ndi imodzi mwa agwape othamanga kwambiri, omwe amatha kuthamanga makilomita 43 pa ola. Zimakhalanso zokongola modabwitsa kwa nyama yaikulu yotereyi.
Mbalamezi za Serengeti zimadziŵika mosavuta ndi nkhope zawo zazitali komanso misana yotsetsereka.
Amakhalanso ndi nyanga zokulirapo kusiyana ndi nyanga zofananira za antelope zina.
Dzina lawo limatembenuzidwa kukhala 'ng'ombe yolimba,' ndipo ndithudi ndi olimba.
Mbalame sizimadya zomwe zilipo. Akazi, komabe, amabereka kokha pamene chakudya chilipo.
Mbalame imayima mapazi 3-5 paphewa ndipo imalemera pakati pa 165 ndi 440 mapaundi. Amakhala m'gulu la ziweto zomwe zimatha kupitilira 300.
Dik-dik
Kirk's dik-diks ndi antelope ang'onoang'ono omwe amasiyana mitundu malinga ndi malo awo koma nthawi zambiri amakhala achikasu-imvi mpaka ofiira-bulauni kumbuyo kwake ndi imvi-yoyera pamimba. Amuna amakhala ndi nyanga zokhala ndi mphete komanso zolimba pansi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabisidwa ndi tsitsi lomwe lili pamphumi pawo. Mbalamezi zili ndi maso okongola, akulu, akuda ozunguliridwa ndi mphete yoyera. Ndipo pamene maso awo ali odabwitsa, amapereka zambiri osati kungoona chabe. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a preorbital timawoneka ngati banga lakuda pansi pa ngodya yamkati mwa diso lililonse. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti timatulutsa timadzi takuda tomata tomwe timapanga fungo la madera awo.
Chosiyanitsa kwambiri ndi mphuno yawo yotalikirana, yomwe ilinso njira yoziziritsira yomwe imawalepheretsa kutenthedwa, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri mpaka 40°C (104°F). Izi zimathandizanso kuchepetsa kusowa kwawo kwa madzi.
