Lakes ku Tanzania
Onani Nyanja zaku Tanzania
Nyanja za ku Tanzania zili m’gulu la nyanja zochititsa chidwi komanso zosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo chinthu chabwino kwambiri: amapereka zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndi zokopa - kuchokera ku zinyama zakutchire ndi nsomba mpaka kusambira ndi kayaking. Ndipo monga momwe nyanja zimachitira bwino, zimaperekanso magwero amadzi ofunikira kumadera am'deralo komanso zachilengedwe. M'nkhaniyi, tikuwuzani zonse zomwe tikudziwa zokhudza nyanja zochititsa chidwi za ku Tanzania!
Lake Victoria - Nyanja Yaikulu Kwambiri ku Africa
Nyanja ya Victoria ndi yochititsa chidwi mwachilengedwe komanso ndi malo okhala nyama zakutchire zosiyanasiyana komanso zinthu zina zosangalatsa. Madzi ochulukawa anafalikira ku Tanzania, Uganda, ndi Kenya, si nyanja yaikulu kwambiri mu Afirika, komanso ili ndi dzina lakuti nyanja yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse yotentha kwambiri potengera dera. Ngakhale ndi ukulu wake, ndi wosazama kwenikweni. Ndi kuya kwapakati kwamamita 41 okha, kuwala kwadzuwa kumatha kulowa ndikudyetsa chilengedwe cholemera pansi pake.
M’nyanjayi muli mitundu yambiri ya nsomba, makamaka mitundu yoposa 500 ya ma cichlid, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ndi amene amapezeka paliponse. Ma cichlid amenewa amadziwika chifukwa cha maonekedwe awo osiyanasiyana komanso makhalidwe awo, zomwe zimawonjezera kuphulika kwa mtundu ndi moyo ku chilengedwe chamadzi. Mphepete mwa nyanjayi ikuwoneka bwino m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyanjayi ikhale imodzi mwa nyanja zotchuka kwambiri ku Tanzania.
Panonso moyo wa reptilian ukuyenda bwino, ng'ona yoopsa ya Nile ikuwoneka bwino kwambiri. Malo ake amakhala ndi akamba angapo, kuphatikizapo akamba ovala zipewa za ku Africa, kamba wamatope wa Williams, ndi akamba amatope osinthasintha, omwe ali m'nyanja ya Victoria yokha. Kodi mumakonda nyama zakuthengo za mbalame? Kenako konzekerani kumwetulira: M’nyanja ya Victoria muli mitundu ya mbalame yopitirira 300, kuphatikizapo mbalame zinazake zotchedwa African Marsh harrier, mbalame zotchedwa Shoebill, atsekwe, atsekwe, grey parrots, kingfisher, ndi chiwombankhanga.
Kukongola kwa nyanjayi kumakulitsidwanso ndi kukhalapo kwa zisumbu zopitilira 3,000, kuphatikiza zilumba zodziwika bwino za Ssese ndi chilumba cha Ukerewe. Chilichonse mwa zisumbuzi chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso zochitika zachikhalidwe. Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo, chikhalidwe chochititsa chidwi, komanso kukongola kochititsa chidwi kumeneku, n'zosadabwitsa kuti Nyanja ya Victoria ili pamwamba pa mndandanda wa zidebe zambiri.
Zina zosangalatsa za Nyanja ya Victoria zomwe mungasangalatse nazo apaulendo:
- Anatchedwa Mfumukazi Victoria waku England ndi wofufuza malo John Hanning Speke mu 1858.
- Anthu akumeneko amatcha Nnalubaale, kutanthauza “wopereka moyo” m’Chiganda.
Nyanja ya Tanganyika, Nyanja Yaitali Kwambiri Padziko Lonse
Nyanja ya Tanganyika ili pamtunda wa makilomita 626 m’litali ndi makilomita 420 m’lifupi. Tanzania, Burundi, Zambia, ndi Democratic Republic of Congo, nyanja yokongolayi ili ndi zinthu zambiri zodabwitsa, zomwe zapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa nyanja zotchuka kwambiri ku Tanzania.
Tanganyika ili ndi madzi oyera abuluu komanso magombe amchenga okhala ndi mitengo ya kanjedza ndi mitengo ya mthethe. Pansi pa nthaka yake pali zachilengedwe zokhala ndi mitundu yopitilira 250 ya nsomba ndi zamoyo zam'madzi - zambiri mwazo sizipezeka kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi. Mabanja a mvuu amadzigudubuza m’malo osaya pamene ng’ona zimayendayenda m’mphepete mwa nyanja. Mbalame zambirimbiri, kuchokera ku mbalame zamitundumitundu mpaka ziwombankhanga zazikulu za nsomba zomwe zimawulukira pansi kuti zigwire nyama zawo.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti Nyanja ya Tanganyika ili ndi pafupifupi 16 peresenti ya madzi abwino omwe amapezeka padziko lapansi. Mitsinje yoyenda imadzaza mitsinje, pomwe mitsinje yake imathamangira mumtsinje wa Congo. Iyi ndi nyanja yodzaza ndi kukongola ndi moyo, ndipo kuchezerako ndikotsimikizika kumapanga zikumbukiro zomwe zizikhala moyo wonse.
Lake Rukwa, The Fluctuating Lake
Nyanja ya Rukwa ndi imodzi mwa nyanja zodziwika bwino ku Tanzania, yomwe ili m'dera lokongola la Southern Highlands ku Tanzania, ndi nyanja yochititsa chidwi yomwe imasinthasintha kwambiri nyengo. M’nyengo ya mvula, nyanja ya Rukwa imadzaza ndi nyanja yaikulu yapakati pa dziko yomwe imadutsa masikweya kilomita 2,600. Koma nyengo yadzuwa ikangofika, nyanjayi imaphwa kwambiri, n’kusiya madambo ndi ngalande zambirimbiri.
Kusinthasintha kwa madzi kumakhudza kwambiri maonekedwe a nyanjayi komanso nyama zimene zimati kumudzi kwawo. Madzi akachuluka, m’nyanjamo mumadzaza nsomba ndi zomera za m’madzi. Mvuu zimagona m’madzi, pamene ng’ona zimabisala m’munsi pang’ono. Mitundu yoposa 400 ya mbalame imakhamukira ku nyanja ya Rukwa kukadya ndi kumanga zisa mu mabango a gumbwa.
Koma m’nyengo ya chilimwe, zochitika zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri: pamene madzi akuphwera, zigwa zazikulu zimaonekera ndipo nyanjayo imasanduka chigwa chamadzi osefukira chokhala ndi maiwe ndi madambo. Moyo wa zinyama umasintha m'njira zodabwitsa. Nsomba zimathawira mu ngalande ting'onoting'ono ndi maiwe. Ng’ona zimabisala m’maenje a matope ndi kulowa m’malo ngati atagona. Mvuu zimaziziritsa m’mikhalidwe yothinana m’mayiwe otsalawo, ndipo mbalame zimasonkhana kulikonse kumene madzi angapezeke.
Ngakhale kuti pali kusinthasintha kwakukulu, nyanja ya Rukwa idakali yofunika kwambiri ku Tanzania.
Nyanja Natron, Red Lake
Nyanja Natron ndi amodzi mwa matupi amadzi apadera ku Tanzania. Ili kumpoto kwa Tanzania, pafupi ndi malire a Kenya, nyanjayi ili ndi kuya kwa mamita atatu okha. Koma chomwe chimapangitsa Natron kukhala chodabwitsa ndi kuchuluka kwake kwa alkalinity: pH yamadzi imatha kufika mlengalenga 3.
Malo amcherewa amabwera chifukwa cha kukwera kwa nthunzi komanso malo omwe nyanjayi ili m'dera lomwe laphulika mapiri. Mcherewu umachokera ku sodium carbonate ndi mchere wina umene umalowa m’nyanjayi kuchokera ku mitsinje yaing’ono ndi akasupe a madzi otentha.
Kuchuluka kwa mchere wamchere kumatanthauza kuti Nyanja ya Natron ndi yopanda moyo kwa zamoyo zambiri. Komabe, zamoyo zina zowopsa zasintha m'njira yodabwitsa.
- Algae ya Spirulina imakula bwino ndikutembenuza madzi kukhala ofiira-lalanje. Algae iyi imatha kupulumuka kutaya madzi m'thupi ndikutsitsimutsidwa.
- Nsomba za mtundu wa tilapia zimakhala pafupi ndi akasupe a madzi otentha omwe ali ndi mchere wochepa. Kupaka ntchofu zawo kumawateteza kuti asapse.
- Ma flamingo opangidwa ndi Natron amadya spirulina. Mabilu awo opindika amasefa ndere, pamene miyendo yawo italiitali imawateteza kutali ndi ndere.
Kupatulapo zamoyo zochititsa chidwi zimenezi, palinso mfundo yochititsa chidwi kwambiri yakuti: Nyanja ya Natron ndi malo okhawo amene amawetako nyama zakutchire zokwana 2.5 miliyoni. Mkhalidwe wawo “wotsala pang’ono kutha” umayenderana kwambiri ndi kudalira kwawo malo amodzi ameneŵa, kupangitsa nyanjayi kukhala malo osungiramo mbalame zazikuluzikuluzi.
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Lake Eyasi, Salt Lake
Iyi ndi nyanja yaikulu yamchere yomwe ili m’munsi mwa chigwa cha Great Rift Valley, chakum’mwera kwa nyanjayi Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Serengeti ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Ngorongoro Crater.
Nyanja yapaderayi ili ndi mapiri otsetsereka komanso udzu wa savannah, ndipo ili ndi mchere wambiri komanso zamoyo zambiri za mbalame. Kwa zaka zambirimbiri chifukwa cha nthunzi wa nthunzi m'nyengo yotentha, zachititsa kuti pakhale mchere wambiri ndi mchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madziwo awoneke ngati amkaka komanso amatope. Madzi osaya amapitirira ma kilomita 400, koma nyanjayi imasinthasintha kwambiri malinga ndi mvula.
Kuchuluka kwa mchere kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chilengedwe chachilendo chomwe chimatha kukhala ndi moyo kumalo owuma. Algae ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakula bwino m'madzi okhala ndi mchere wambiri. Zotsatira zake n’zakuti mbalame za m’madzi zambirimbiri zimapita ku Nyanja ya Eyasi kukadya zakudya zabwinozi.
Flamingo, adokowe, ndi abakha amazizira m’mphepete mwa nyanja yamatope pamene mbalame zodya nyama ngati ziwombankhanga za nsomba zimazungulira m’mwamba. M’zigwa zaudzu zozungulira nyanjayi mumakhala nyama zodyera msipu monga mbidzi, mbawala, ndi anyani.
Mkati mwa malo apadera ndiponso akale amenewa, mmene muli mchere wambiri komanso zamoyo zosiyanasiyana za mbalame zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi mmene zimakhalira nthawi zonse, kufunika kwa nyanja ya Eyasi sikungowonjezera zodabwitsa zake zachilengedwe. Zofukulidwa m’mabwinja kuzungulira nyanjayi zimapereka umboni wakuti anthu oyambirira anakhalako zaka 200,000 zapitazo.
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Nyanja ya Manyara, Nyanja ya Flamingo
Nyanja ya Manyara, yomwe ili m'munsi mwa chigwa cha Great Rift Valley, ndi nyanja yosazama, yamchere yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita 230. Koma ngakhale kuti ingakhale yaing’ono, ndi yaikulu pa kukongola ndi nyama zakuthengo zochuluka.
Manyara amatchulidwa kuti "Nyanja ya Flamingo" kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha Flamingos Chochepa chomwe chimachitcha kunyumba. Pafupifupi mbalame zonyezimira za pinki zoposa 400,000 zimakhamukira m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Manyara kuti zidye ndere ndi kuswana. Kuwonera flamingo ballet ndi zamatsenga chabe: miyendo yozungulira zikwizikwi imayenda molumikizana m'madzi abuluu, makosi akuviika pamodzi kuti asefe chakudya.
Kuwonjezera pa mbalame za flamingo, palinso mitundu yoposa 400 ya mbalame yomwe imapezeka m’nyanjayi, kuphatikizapo akumbizi, adokowe, cormorants, kingfisher, nkhwazi, ndi miimba. Mitengo ya mthethe ya m’nyanjayi imakopanso ambalambalu, oluka nsalu, manyanga, ndi akalulu. Kodi Manyara ndi paradaiso wa wowonera mbalame? Mwamtheradi!
Kwa alendo, Lake Manyara National Park imapereka kuwonera kwachilengedwe kodabwitsa kuchokera pagalimoto yanu kapena mukuyenda mtchire. Mikango yokwera m’mitengo imagwetsa nthambi, pamene mvuu zimapuma m’mayiwe. Anyani abuluu amayendayenda m'nkhalango ndipo mitundu yambirimbiri ya mbalame zotchedwa flamingo zimapenta m'mphepete mwa nyanjazo ngati pinki.
